thing-in-itself; appearance; speaking of objects.

A fundamental distinction in Kantian philosophy is that between “appearance” and the “thing-in-itself.” Kant builds both his epistemology and his influential critique of metaphysics on this distinctio...

superstition; illusion; self-deception; religious experience; eidos

In Religion within the Limits of Reason Itself, Kant describes and criticizes two illusions of piety: the illusion of superstition and the illusion of selfdeception. According to him, both illusion...

necessity; temporality; modality; contradiction; retroactivity; nontotalization.

The dominant metaphysical orientation toward necessity – whether Aristotelian, Leibnizian, or formalized in modern modal logic – presuppose atemporality, closure, and non-contradiction. Necessity...

climate; energy; transition; traps; Anthropocene; ethics; virtues

This article focuses on three “traps” that must be addressed in the conversation concerning the creation, justification, and implementation of policies aimed at managing the adverse consequences of...