Резюме. Тази библиография съдържа избрани статии във водещи научни списания в областта на обучението по природни науки, публикувани в годините 2012 и 2013. Основната тема на тези статии са мисконцепциите (грешки, недоразумения, заблуждения) в преподаването и обучението по природни науки, намерили място в учебниците, учебната документация и учебната практика в клас за всички образователни степени.

Ключови думи: misconceptions, misunderstandings, bibliography

Увод

Вече бе съобщено (Toshev, 2014), че през 2014 г. четири теми от науката и практиката на образованието ще бъдат водещи в настоящия 23 том на „Природните науки в образованието“: природонаучна неграмотност, конструктивизъм, мисконцепции и историческа чувствителност. Тези теми имат солидно присъствие във водещите научни списания в областта на science education. Първата тематична библиография – върху грешките, нeдоразуменията и заблужденията в учебниците, учебната документация и учебната практика, вече е пред вас. Запознаването с избраните тук литературни източници ще покаже дълбочината на проблема в световната учебна практика и научни изследвания и може да даде полезни идеи за подобряване на българската учебна документация, както и за по-успешна учебна практика в българското училище.

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Заключение

Анализът на грешките в учебниците и учебната литература е особено важна задача. Отдавна е известно, че научените в ранна възраст грешни представи по-късно се променят трудно. Затова учебната литература трябва да се подлага на научна критика. Това е особено необходимо сега, когато сред ученици и учители битува мнението, че всичко, което е написано в учебниците, е безусловно вярно. Затова грешките в учебниците се повтарят години наред, поради което замърсяването на съзнанието на учениците се оказва трудно излечимо, особено в условията на среда, когато агресивната псевдонаука неудържимо разширява територията си. Невинаги обаче в България е било така. Навярно първият пример за анализ на грешките в един учебник е от 1890 г. Тогава Райков (1890а) е анализирал с големи подробности грешките, допуснати в „Учебник по физиката за долните класове на средното училище“ от Бракалов и Жилков.

Почти по същото време е публикувана научна рецензия и за учебник по химия за средното училище (Райков, 1890б): „Учебник по химията за II и III клас на трикласните училища и гимназии“.

На фона на многобройните груби грешки в българската учебна литература, използвани в обучението по природните науки (за някои скандални примери вж. Тошев (2014)), подновяването на старата традиция учебниците да бъдат подлагани на професионален критичен анализ наистина не търпи вече отлагане.

ЛИТЕРАТУРА

Райков, П.Н. (1890а). Учебник по физиката за долните класове на средните училища: съставили М.Т. Брaкалов и П. Жилков, част I и II, Пловдив, 1888. Сб. нар. умотв. наука и книжнина, кн. II, 255 – 265.

Райков, П.Н. (1890б). Учебник по химията за II и III клас на трикласните училища и гимназии: съставил Л.Л. Лукаш, учител при Държавната реална гимназия „Александър I“ в Пловдив, 1888 г. Сб. нар. умотв. наука и книжнина, кн. III, 83 – 88.

Toshev, B.V. (2014). Science illiteracy – constructivism – misconceptions – historical sensitivity. Chemistry, 23, 9 – 17 [In Bulgarian].