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<channel><atom:link href="https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/rss" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><title>История</title><link>https://journals.azbuki.bg/history</link><description>Списание „История“ е сред най-авторитетните академични издания в областта на българската хуманитаристика. То си поставя за цел да представя задълбочени изследвания за историята на Централна и Източна Европа и Източното Средиземноморие от древността до наши дни, да публикува научни разработки в областта на методиката на обучението по история и на архивното дело. Публикуваните статии и материали са структурирани в отделни рубрики и обхващат разнообразни теми и дискусионни проблеми в сферата на историческото познание.
Периодичност на изданието – 6 книжки годишно.
0.1 (2024)                       Q3 (2024)Impact factor                Rank by JIF
Статиите на „История” се реферират и индексират в Web of Science: Emerging Sources Citation Index.
ISSN: 0861–3710 (Print), 1314–8524 (Online)</description><language>bg</language><item><title><![CDATA[THE MERCHANT TSVYATKO RADOSLAVOV KANEV (SAHATCHIEV)  FROM SVISHTOV AND HIS WILL FROM 1876]]></title><guid isPermaLink="true">https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/the-merchant-tsvyatko-radoslavov-kanev-sahatchiev-from-svishtov-and-his-will-from-1876/view</guid><link>https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/the-merchant-tsvyatko-radoslavov-kanev-sahatchiev-from-svishtov-and-his-will-from-1876/view</link><description><![CDATA[The aim of the current article is twofold.  On the one hand,  brief, otherwise important information regarding the life and long-lasting entrepreneurial activities of Tsvyato Radoslavov Kane (Sahatchiev)  (1820-1880)  has been presented. 
Tsvyatko was born in Gabrovo into a wealthy (merchant)  family.  His relatives managed to establish lucrative trade contacts with Wallachia and Moldavia,  as well as with the Austrian monarchy,  in the first years of the 19th century. What is more important is that their experience and connections have passed to the next generation,  whose representative is Tsvyatko.  Around the 1840s,  he decided to move to the Danubian town of Svishtov in order to expand his entrepreneurial ventures. He managed to establish several commercial enterprises.  Despite his bankruptcy,  he managed to revive and to expand his economic activity. As a result,  Tsvyatko had the opportunity to amass significant fortunes. 
The second aim of the paper proposed is to shed light on Tsvyatko’s testament drafted in the early spring of 1876.  Currently,  the document is stored in the collections of the Historical Museum in Svishtov and has not been subject to thorough scientific analysis.  The will gives him the opportunity to reveal additional and little-known aspects of his personality, family, and private life. 
The text of the primary source (the will),  provides hints about Radoslavovʼs kin (about his wife Kiriakitza,  his sisters,  and adopted son Tsvetan Radoslavov-Hadjidenkov); about his charitable donations to schools (in Svishtov and in the native Gabrovo); about Tsvyatko’s desire to help financially needy individuals; one can find, albeit briefly, data on Radoslavov’s movable and immovable properties (a house,  café,  two shops,  money,  an inn,  vineyards,  fields, and meadows); last but not least, there are some clues about the executors (Kostaki G.  Avramov and Georgi h. Denkov)  of the will,  who were also representatives of the entrepreneurial elite in Svishtov. 
In general,  the will provides valuable details about the life and last wishes of an open-minded,  entrepreneurial person. As a representative of the Bulgarian (and  the Balkan)  bourgeoisie, he was actively involved in various public activities,  thus contributing to the process of modernization of the Bulgarian society during the National Revival period.]]></description><pubDate>Tue, 10 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><dc:identifier>doi:10.53656/his2026-2-1-mer</dc:identifier><dc:creator>Ivaylo Naydenov</dc:creator><prism:journalTitle>История</prism:journalTitle><prism:startingPage>103</prism:startingPage><prism:endingPage>116</prism:endingPage><prism:publicationDate>2026-02-10</prism:publicationDate><dc:date>2026</dc:date><prism:volume>34</prism:volume><prism:number>2</prism:number></item><item><title><![CDATA[АНТИЧНА СЕРДИКА В ЗАПАДНИТЕ ПЪТЕПИСИ ОТ XVI – XVIII В.]]></title><guid isPermaLink="true">https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/anticna-serdika-v-zapadnite-ptepisi-ot-xvi-xviii-v/view</guid><link>https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/anticna-serdika-v-zapadnite-ptepisi-ot-xvi-xviii-v/view</link><description><![CDATA[This study examines evidence concerning the ancient past and monuments of Sofia as reflected in foreign travel accounts from the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries.  Despite the growing interest in Antiquity across Europe during this period,  references to the city’s archaeological remains are sparse and fragmentary. Most authors focused primarily on historical narratives rather than on material remains, with the notable exception of the Basilica of St.  Sophia,  which consistently attracted attention,  albeit often described in a concise manner. The research draws on a broad and diverse body of sources,  including travelogues, itineraries,  reports,  and diplomatic accounts.  It draws on both early printed books and modern critical editions of manuscripts,  as well as relevant analytical studies. In addition,  the study incorporates previously unpublished manuscripts preserved in archival collections in Vienna,  Austria, alongside materials available on microfilm at the Central State Archives in Sofia. The principal methodological approach is source-critical analysis applied to the heterogeneous evidence.  This is complemented by a comparative method,  which facilitates the identification of similarities,  discrepancies,  and recurring errors across different accounts.  A contextual approach is also employed,  situating the travel narratives within their broader framework. The aim of the article is to trace how Sofia’s ancient past and its monuments were perceived and interpreted in foreign travel literature from the early sixteenth to the late eighteenth century. In doing so, it elucidates how foreign observers constructed and conveyed the city’s antiquity,  and how their knowledge,  misconceptions,  and source dependencies contributed to shaping its historical image in the early modern period. Travellers in the Ottoman Empire pursued a variety of objectives – religious, diplomatic,  commercial,  or scholarly –which is reflected in theheterogeneouscharacter of their accounts.  Their narratives were not always based on direct observation, often incorporating material derived from earlier ancient or contemporary authors.  This practice contributed to a degree of standardization and to the repetition of inaccuracies. A particularly illustrative example is the problem of identifying ancient Serdica.  Some  authors, influenced by the cartographic tradition stemming from Ptolemy, incorrectly equated Sofia with Ulpianum, while others identified it with Tibiscum. Descriptions of the city’s fortifications and other archaeological remains are infrequent and generally vague.  Information concerning other antiquities—such as inscriptions, coins,  and architectural fragments—is likewise limited. The Basilica of St.  Sophia occupies a central place in these accounts.  It is associated with a range of origin narratives,  variously attributing its construction to emperors such as Justinian or to legendary figures. Although its architectural features receive little detailed attention,  the building is consistently perceived as a defining landmark of the city.  Other ecclesiastical structures, such as the Rotunda of St.  George,  are only rarely mentioned. The study highlights that foreign authors tended to rely more heavily on classical texts than on locally obtained information,  a tendency that often resulted in inaccuracies.  By contrast,  local inhabitants—both Christian and Muslim—appear to have possessed a clearer understanding of the city’s historical identity,  although this knowledge was seldom systematized or mobilized for the preservation of its heritage. In conclusion,  travel accounts constitute a valuable yet limited source for the study of Sofia’s ancient past,  reflecting both the intellectual interests and the methodological constraints of their authors.]]></description><pubDate>Tue, 10 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><dc:identifier>doi:10.53656/his2026-2-2-anc</dc:identifier><dc:creator>Иван Вълчев</dc:creator><prism:journalTitle>История</prism:journalTitle><prism:startingPage>117</prism:startingPage><prism:endingPage>134</prism:endingPage><prism:publicationDate>2026-02-10</prism:publicationDate><dc:date>2026</dc:date><prism:volume>34</prism:volume><prism:number>2</prism:number></item><item><title><![CDATA[СЪВРЕМЕННИ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ В ИСТОРИЧЕСКОТО ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ: ВЪЗМОЖНОСТИ И ПРЕДИЗВИКАТЕЛСТВА ПРИ ИЗПОЛЗВАНЕ НА ИНТЕРАКТИВНИ ДЪСКИ ОТ ПРЕПОДАВАТЕЛИ В ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЯ ФАКУЛТЕТ НА СОФИЙСКИЯ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ „СВ.  КЛИМЕНТ ОХРИДСКИ“]]></title><guid isPermaLink="true">https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/svremenni-texnologii-v-istoriceskoto-obrazovanie-vzmoznosti-i-predizvikatelstva-pri-izpolzvane-na-interaktivni-dski-ot-prepodavateli-v-istoriceskiya-fakultet-na-sofiiskiya-universitet-sv-kliment-oxridski/view</guid><link>https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/svremenni-texnologii-v-istoriceskoto-obrazovanie-vzmoznosti-i-predizvikatelstva-pri-izpolzvane-na-interaktivni-dski-ot-prepodavateli-v-istoriceskiya-fakultet-na-sofiiskiya-universitet-sv-kliment-oxridski/view</link><description><![CDATA[This study investigates the integration of interactive whiteboards in higher education,  focusing specifically on their use by lecturers at the Faculty of History at Sofia University.  The primary aim of the research is to explore academic staff perceptions, experiences,  and attitudes toward this technological tool,  while also identifying the key opportunities and challenges associated with its implementation in the teaching process. From a broader perspective,  the study situates the adoption of interactive whiteboards within a framework of organizational change and digital transformation in education. The methodology is based on a mixed quantitative-qualitative approach.  Empirical data were collected through a structured questionnaire distributed to lecturers who teach in classrooms equipped with interactive whiteboards during the 2024/2025 academic year. The survey was administered via Google Forms and supplemented by a paper version to ensure higher response rates. A total of 29 out of 31 lecturers participated,  ensuring a high level of representativeness (approximately 93.6%).  The questionnaire includes Likertscale items,  closed and open-ended questions,  and is organized into thematic sections covering general attitudes,  impact on teaching,  student motivation,  and the need for technical training. The collected data were processed statistically and visualized through charts to facilitate interpretation. The results reveal a very high level of adoption and positive perception of interactive whiteboards among lecturers.  Approximately 96.6% of respondents report using them, with the majority doing so regularly. The findings demonstrate that interactive whiteboards  are widely regarded as valuable educational tools that enhance teaching efficiency,  enable the use of diverse visual materials,  and support the organization of interactive learning activities.  Lecturers also report that these technologies improve student engagement, attention,  and participation, contributing to better learning outcomes. However,  the study also identifies several challenges.  A significant proportion of respondents indicate the need for additional training to fully utilize the advanced functionalities of the technology.  Some lecturers experience technical difficulties or express uncertainty when using certain features.  These findings suggest that while basic competencies are largely established,  there is still a gap in advanced digital skills. In conclusion,  the research provides strong empirical evidence that interactive whiteboards are an effective and increasingly essential component of modern historical education.  At the same time,  it highlights the importance of continuous professional development and institutional support to maximize their pedagogical potential.]]></description><pubDate>Tue, 10 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><dc:identifier>doi:10.53656/his2026-2-3-teh</dc:identifier><dc:creator>Ивайла Попова</dc:creator><dc:creator>Красимир С. Кръстев</dc:creator><dc:creator>Мирена Легурска</dc:creator><dc:creator>Петър В. Петров</dc:creator><prism:journalTitle>История</prism:journalTitle><prism:startingPage>135</prism:startingPage><prism:endingPage>156</prism:endingPage><prism:publicationDate>2026-02-10</prism:publicationDate><dc:date>2026</dc:date><prism:volume>34</prism:volume><prism:number>2</prism:number></item><item><title><![CDATA[КОНЦЕПТУАЛНИ ОСНОВИ НА ОБУЧЕНИЕТО ПО ИСТОРИЯ И ГЕОГРАФИЯ В БЪЛГАРИЯ И РЕПУБЛИКА КИПЪР – СРАВНИТЕЛЕН АНАЛИЗ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ЗА РАЗВИТИЕ]]></title><guid isPermaLink="true">https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/konceptualni-osnovi-na-obucenieto-po-istoriya-i-geografiya-v-blgariya-i-republika-kipr-sravnitelen-analiz-i-perspektivi-za-razvitie/view</guid><link>https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/konceptualni-osnovi-na-obucenieto-po-istoriya-i-geografiya-v-blgariya-i-republika-kipr-sravnitelen-analiz-i-perspektivi-za-razvitie/view</link><description><![CDATA[This study explores the conceptual foundations of history and geography education in Bulgaria and the Republic of Cyprus through a comparative perspective,  with a particular focus on upper secondary education. The main aim of the research is to analyze contemporary curricular models in both countries,  identify similarities and differences in their structure, content,  and pedagogical approaches,  and highlight effective practices that could inform future improvements in Bulgarian education. The methodology is based on a comparative analytical approach.  The authors examine official curricula for history and geography in both educational systems, focusing on several key categories: thematic scope, instructional time,  types of learning activities, and expected competencies.  The study analyzes the Bulgarian curricula for lower and upper secondary education (including profile-oriented training in grades 11th – 12th)  and compares them with the corresponding levels in the Cypriot system, particularly the lyceum stage.  The analysis integrates both qualitative interpretation of curricular documents and systematic comparison of structural elements,  including competency frameworks aligned with European educational standards. The results reveal both shared characteristics and significant differences between the two systems.  In both Bulgaria and Cyprus,  history and geography education is grounded in a competency-based approach that aims to develop critical thinking, analytical skills, and civic awareness.  However,  the Cypriot system places a stronger emphasis on critical thinking,  multicultural understanding,  and the interpretation of historical processes without bias.  It also integrates more extensive instructional time for history and includes a broader range of practical activities,  such as project-based learning, fieldwork, and visits to museums and archaeological sites. In geography education, the Cypriot curriculum demonstrates a clearer focus on global issues,  environmental challenges,  and the use of digital technologies,  including  Geographic Information Systems (GIS).  By contrast,  the Bulgarian curriculum is more oriented toward regional geography and national context,  with comparatively limited integration of digital tools and practical research activities. Another important finding concerns the role of practice-oriented learning.  The Cypriot educational model incorporates systematic experiential learning,  encouraging students to actively engage in research, analysis, and real-world problem solving. In Bulgaria,  although such approaches exist,  they are less consistently implemented and often depend on individual teacher initiative. In conclusion,  the study highlights the strengths of both educational systems while identifying areas for improvement. It suggests that Bulgarian education could benefit from adopting elements of the Cypriot model,  particularly in expanding practical activities, enhancing digital competencies, and promoting interdisciplinary and student-centered learning.]]></description><pubDate>Tue, 10 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><dc:identifier>doi:10.53656/his2026-2-4-con</dc:identifier><dc:creator>Мая Василева</dc:creator><dc:creator>Катя Мишева</dc:creator><prism:journalTitle>История</prism:journalTitle><prism:startingPage>157</prism:startingPage><prism:endingPage>176</prism:endingPage><prism:publicationDate>2026-02-10</prism:publicationDate><dc:date>2026</dc:date><prism:volume>34</prism:volume><prism:number>2</prism:number></item><item><title><![CDATA[РОЛЯТА НА ИЗКУСТВЕНИЯ ИНТЕЛЕКТ В ПРЕПОДАВАНЕТО НА ИСТОРИЯ В СРЕДНОТО ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ: ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ И ТРЕВОГИ]]></title><guid isPermaLink="true">https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/rolyata-na-izkustveniya-intelekt-v-prepodavaneto-na-istoriya-v-srednoto-obrazovanie-perspektivi-i-trevogi/view</guid><link>https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/rolyata-na-izkustveniya-intelekt-v-prepodavaneto-na-istoriya-v-srednoto-obrazovanie-perspektivi-i-trevogi/view</link><description><![CDATA[In recent years,  artificial intelligence (AI)  has rapidly and extensively permeated nearly every sphere of modern life, and secondary education is no exception to this transformation. Alarge proportion of students regularly use various tools based on large language models to „solve“ a wide range of academic tasks – from writing essays to preparing for exams.  History and civilisation education has not remained outside this general trend,  as an increasing number of students and teachers encounter the capabilities and limitations of these technologies in their everyday pedagogical practice. However, what are the risks of applying AI in history and civilisation education?  What prospects do new technologies offer,  and how can general-purpose and specialised AI tools contribute to improving the quality of history education? The present study aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the current state and attitudes towards the use of AI-based tools in the study of history in secondary education in Bulgaria. The article comprises four main parts.  The introduction presents the key problems and challenges associated with the development of artificial intelligence and tools based on large language models in the context of contemporary education.  The second part provides an overview of the use of AI in history education,  along with a comparative analysis of various general-purpose and specialised AI tools applicable to the learning process.  The third part describes in detail the results of an empirical study conducted among 167 students and 27 teachers regarding their experience,  expectations,  and attitudes towards the use of AI in history education.  The conclusion systematises the main findings and formulates specific recommendations that can contribute to more effective teaching and learning of history in secondary education. A critical analysis of the distinctive features of history teaching has been conducted, and recommendations and best practices for integrating general-purpose and specific AI-based tools into the educational process of history and civilisations have been presented.]]></description><pubDate>Tue, 10 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><dc:identifier>doi:10.53656/his2026-2-5-aii</dc:identifier><dc:creator>Албена Антонова</dc:creator><dc:creator>Христо Беров</dc:creator><prism:journalTitle>История</prism:journalTitle><prism:startingPage>177</prism:startingPage><prism:endingPage>199</prism:endingPage><prism:publicationDate>2026-02-10</prism:publicationDate><dc:date>2026</dc:date><prism:volume>34</prism:volume><prism:number>2</prism:number></item><item><title><![CDATA[КЪМ ИСТОРИЯТА НА ПРЕДПРИЕМАЧЕСТВОТО В БЪЛГАРИЯ]]></title><guid isPermaLink="true">https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/km-istoriyata-na-predpriemacestvoto-v-blgariya/view</guid><link>https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/km-istoriyata-na-predpriemacestvoto-v-blgariya/view</link><description><![CDATA[]]></description><pubDate>Tue, 10 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><dc:creator>Пенчо Д. Пенчев</dc:creator><prism:journalTitle>История</prism:journalTitle><prism:startingPage>200</prism:startingPage><prism:endingPage>204</prism:endingPage><prism:publicationDate>2026-02-10</prism:publicationDate><dc:date>2026</dc:date><prism:volume>34</prism:volume><prism:number>2</prism:number></item><item><title><![CDATA[ВПЕЧАТЛЕНИЯ ОТ КОНФЕРЕНЦИЯТА „КРИМСКАТА ВОЙНА.  ГЛОБАЛНА И ЛОКАЛНА“, ПРОВЕДЕНА НА 2 АПРИЛ 2026 Г.  В СОФИЙСКИЯ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ „СВ.  КЛИМЕНТ ОХРИДСКИ“]]></title><guid isPermaLink="true">https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/vpecatleniya-ot-konferenciyata-krimskata-voina-globalna-i-lokalna-provedena-na-2-april-2026-g-v-sofiiskiya-universitet-sv-kliment-oxridski/view</guid><link>https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/vpecatleniya-ot-konferenciyata-krimskata-voina-globalna-i-lokalna-provedena-na-2-april-2026-g-v-sofiiskiya-universitet-sv-kliment-oxridski/view</link><description><![CDATA[]]></description><pubDate>Tue, 10 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><dc:creator>Любомир Кръстев</dc:creator><prism:journalTitle>История</prism:journalTitle><prism:startingPage>205</prism:startingPage><prism:endingPage>210</prism:endingPage><prism:publicationDate>2026-02-10</prism:publicationDate><dc:date>2026</dc:date><prism:volume>34</prism:volume><prism:number>2</prism:number></item><item><title><![CDATA[ТЕМАТА ЗА ИНТЕГРАЦИЯТА, ПРОТЕКЦИОНИЗМА И НАЦИОНАЛИЗМА В СТОПАНСКО-ИСТОРИЧЕСКИТЕ ИЗСЛЕДВАНИЯ]]></title><guid isPermaLink="true">https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/temata-za-integraciyata-protekcionizma-i-nacionalizma-v-stopansko-istoriceskite-izsledvaniya/view</guid><link>https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/temata-za-integraciyata-protekcionizma-i-nacionalizma-v-stopansko-istoriceskite-izsledvaniya/view</link><description><![CDATA[]]></description><pubDate>Tue, 10 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><dc:creator>Иван Русев</dc:creator><prism:journalTitle>История</prism:journalTitle><prism:startingPage>211</prism:startingPage><prism:endingPage>213</prism:endingPage><prism:publicationDate>2026-02-10</prism:publicationDate><dc:date>2026</dc:date><prism:volume>34</prism:volume><prism:number>2</prism:number></item><item><title><![CDATA[Към читателя]]></title><guid isPermaLink="true">https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/uvazaemi-citatelyu/view</guid><link>https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/uvazaemi-citatelyu/view</link><description><![CDATA[]]></description><pubDate>Sat, 10 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><dc:creator>Иван Русев</dc:creator><prism:journalTitle>История</prism:journalTitle><prism:startingPage>7</prism:startingPage><prism:endingPage>8</prism:endingPage><prism:publicationDate>2026-01-10</prism:publicationDate><dc:date>2026</dc:date><prism:volume>34</prism:volume><prism:number>1</prism:number></item><item><title><![CDATA[THE BOTTOM OF THE WELL: URBAN MEMORY, IMPERIAL ECHOES,  AND THE MICROGEOGRAPHY OF FEAR IN PREWAR BELGRADE]]></title><guid isPermaLink="true">https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/the-bottom-of-the-well-urban-memory-imperial-echoes-and-the-microgeography-of-fear-in-prewar-belgrade/view</guid><link>https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/the-bottom-of-the-well-urban-memory-imperial-echoes-and-the-microgeography-of-fear-in-prewar-belgrade/view</link><description><![CDATA[This article offers a microhistorical reading of Vladislav Maevsky’s 1913 travel sketch of Belgrade,  focusing on his descent into the Roman well at Kalemegdan Fortress.  By analyzing this episode as an affective and symbolic site,  the study reveals how subterranean spaces serve as repositories of imperial memory,  historical anxiety,  and national identity.  Drawing on methodologies from urban history and memory studies,  the article situates the well as a metaphor for Serbia’s layered temporalities and contested sovereignties on the eve of the First World War.  It further interprets Maevsky’s encounters with museums, monuments, and civic spaces as part of a broader urban effort to stage national identity through selective remembrance.  This essay demonstrates how even minor urban forms such as wells,  portraits,  or stairwells can function as dense sites of historical meaning and advocates for further microhistorical approaches to the urban landscapes of the Balkans and Eastern Europe.\(^{1}\)]]></description><pubDate>Sat, 10 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><dc:identifier>doi:10.53656/his2026-1-1-bot</dc:identifier><dc:creator>Srđan M. Jovanović</dc:creator><prism:journalTitle>История</prism:journalTitle><prism:startingPage>9</prism:startingPage><prism:endingPage>25</prism:endingPage><prism:publicationDate>2026-01-10</prism:publicationDate><dc:date>2026</dc:date><prism:volume>34</prism:volume><prism:number>1</prism:number></item><item><title><![CDATA[SERB-ALBANIAN RECONCILIATION IN THE CONTEXT OF THE EU-LED BELGRADE – PRISTINA DIALOGUE AND THE PROBLEM OF MISSING PERSONS: AN ASSESSMENT]]></title><guid isPermaLink="true">https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/serb-albanian-reconciliation-in-the-context-of-the-eu-led-belgrade-pristina-dialogue-and-the-problem-of-missing-persons-an-assessment/view</guid><link>https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/serb-albanian-reconciliation-in-the-context-of-the-eu-led-belgrade-pristina-dialogue-and-the-problem-of-missing-persons-an-assessment/view</link><description><![CDATA[This article examines the prospects for Serb-Albanian reconciliation in the context of the EU-facilitated Belgrade-Pristina Dialogue and focuses in particular on the unresolved issue of missing persons from the Kosovo conflict (1998 – 2000). While the Dialogue,  launched under EU mediation in 2010,  has produced a number of technical and political agreements aimed at normalizing relations,  its contribution to genuine reconciliation remains limited.  More than two decades after the end of the conflict and seventeen years after Kosovo’s declaration of independence,  progress in addressing the legacy of war crimes,  ensuring justice for victims,  and clarifying the fate of missing persons has been insufficient.  Drawing on theoretical approaches to reconciliation and transitional justice,  the article argues that sustainable normalization cannot be achieved solely through diplomatic arrangements or de facto recognition formulas.  Instead,  reconciliation requires truth-seeking, accountability, acknowledgment of suffering, and meaningful engagement with victims’ families.  Although recent agreements,  including the 2023 Declaration on Missing Persons,  have revived expectations,  persistent political mistrust and divergent narratives continue to obstruct implementation.  The study concludes that without tangible progress on justice and the resolution of missing persons cases,  the normalization process will remain fragile and reconciliation between Kosovo and Serbia incomplete.]]></description><pubDate>Sat, 10 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><dc:identifier>doi:10.53656/his2026-1-2-ser</dc:identifier><dc:creator>Yorgos Christidis</dc:creator><dc:creator>Rumyana Marinova-Christidi</dc:creator><prism:journalTitle>История</prism:journalTitle><prism:startingPage>26</prism:startingPage><prism:endingPage>35</prism:endingPage><prism:publicationDate>2026-01-10</prism:publicationDate><dc:date>2026</dc:date><prism:volume>34</prism:volume><prism:number>1</prism:number></item><item><title><![CDATA[ПРОЕКТОЗАКОНЪТ ЗА ГРАЖДАНСКИЯ БРАК ОТ 1936 Г.  И РЕАКЦИЯТА НА  СВЕТИЯ СИНОД НА БЪЛГАРСКАТА ПРАВОСЛАВНА ЦЪРКВА]]></title><guid isPermaLink="true">https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/proektozakont-za-grazdanskiya-brak-ot-1936-g-i-reakciyata-na-svetiya-sinod-na-blgarskata-pravoslavna-crkva/view</guid><link>https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/proektozakont-za-grazdanskiya-brak-ot-1936-g-i-reakciyata-na-svetiya-sinod-na-blgarskata-pravoslavna-crkva/view</link><description><![CDATA[This article investigates the 1936 initiative of Justice Minister Dimitar Peshev to introduce civil marriage in the Kingdom of Bulgaria.  In contrast to similar reforms in other European countries,  Peshev’s legislative initiative was not driven by anti-religious or anti-clerical motives.  Nonetheless,  it was categorically rejected by the Holy Synod of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church.  The study aims to shed light on the proposed reform of Bulgarian family law,  the arguments presented both in its support and opposition,  and the reasoning behind the Synod’s position. It also examines how these issues were intertwined with the complex relationship between state authority and the official religion in the Kingdom of Bulgaria – Eastern Orthodox Christianity.  The research draws primarily on archival materials preserved in the Central State Archives,  including minutes of the Holy Synod’s meetings,  documents from state institutions,  and personal archival collections of individuals closely involved in the debate.]]></description><pubDate>Sat, 10 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><dc:identifier>doi:10.53656/his2026-1-3-law</dc:identifier><dc:creator>Атанас Ваташки</dc:creator><prism:journalTitle>История</prism:journalTitle><prism:startingPage>36</prism:startingPage><prism:endingPage>47</prism:endingPage><prism:publicationDate>2026-01-10</prism:publicationDate><dc:date>2026</dc:date><prism:volume>34</prism:volume><prism:number>1</prism:number></item><item><title><![CDATA[ФРАНСОА ГИЗО И АДОЛФ ТИЕР – КОНФЛИКТ НА ИНТЕРЕСИ, ВЪНШНОПОЛИТИЧЕСКА СТРАТЕГИЯ И ПОДХОД ПО ОСМАНО-ЕГИПЕТСКАТА КРИЗА (1839 – 1841)]]></title><guid isPermaLink="true">https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/fransoa-gizo-i-adolf-tier-konflikt-na-interesi-vnsnopoliticeska-strategiya-i-podxod-po-osmano-egipetskata-kriza-1839-1841/view</guid><link>https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/fransoa-gizo-i-adolf-tier-konflikt-na-interesi-vnsnopoliticeska-strategiya-i-podxod-po-osmano-egipetskata-kriza-1839-1841/view</link><description><![CDATA[French diplomacy during the July Monarchy (1830 - 1848)  was put to the test,  as a result of the approach and strategy used in regulating the second escalation of the Ottoman-Egyptian conflict (1839 - 1841).  French strategic interests in the Mediterranean basin were decisive in favour of the claims made by the Egyptian governor Muhammad Ali Pasha (1769 – 1849)  for hereditary investiture, in addition to Egypt and the Ottoman province of Syria,  which he occupied in 1831. The policy of Paris was carried out by the two main political players,  François Guizot (1787 – 1874) and Adolphe Thiers (1797 – 1877),  who applied two different approaches to regulating the crisis in the Orient. 
The model of behaviour,  defending the categorical pro-Egyptian position,  was implemented by François Guizot,  charged with a diplomatic mission in London (from 23 February 1840 to 29 October 1840)  according to the instructions of the Foreign Minister Adolphe Thiers (from 1 March 1840 to 29 October 1840).  The differences between the two approaches were evident in the conclusion of the secret treaty of 15 July 1840 between Great Britain, Austria,  Prussia,  and Russia,  which excluded France and dealt a blow to its dignity.  Thiers‘ belligerent approach was replaced by the more peaceful one, implemented by Guizot and promoting FrancoEnglish partnership. 
The article examines the differences in the opinions of the two statesmen in the 1840s,  which gave rise to a conflict of interests and a lack of a shared political goal, but in the 1850s a compromise between Thiers‘ pro-Napoleonic worldview and the Franco-English alliance supported by Guizot was achieved.]]></description><pubDate>Sat, 10 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><dc:identifier>doi:10.53656/his2026-1-4-fra</dc:identifier><dc:creator>Джулия Кръстева</dc:creator><prism:journalTitle>История</prism:journalTitle><prism:startingPage>48</prism:startingPage><prism:endingPage>61</prism:endingPage><prism:publicationDate>2026-01-10</prism:publicationDate><dc:date>2026</dc:date><prism:volume>34</prism:volume><prism:number>1</prism:number></item><item><title><![CDATA[ДИГИТАЛНИ ИНСТРУМЕНТИ ЗА РАЗВИВАНЕ НА КОМПЕТЕНЦИИ В ЧАСОВЕТЕ ПО ИСТОРИЯ (V – VII КЛАС)  В БЪЛГАРСКИТЕ УЧИЛИЩА ЗАД ГРАНИЦА]]></title><guid isPermaLink="true">https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/digitalni-instrumenti-za-razvivane-na-kompetencii-v-casovete-po-istoriya-v-vii-klas-v-blgarskite-ucilishha-zad-granica/view</guid><link>https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/digitalni-instrumenti-za-razvivane-na-kompetencii-v-casovete-po-istoriya-v-vii-klas-v-blgarskite-ucilishha-zad-granica/view</link><description><![CDATA[The present report is part of a developed intellectual product – “Methodical guide for teachers”,  which is the result of the project activity “Digital Schoolbag – My Bulgaria”: an interactive school aid for teaching the Bulgarian language abroad.  It offers models of interactive worksheets on history and civilizations (grades V – VII),  intended for Bulgarian schools abroad. 1 Created on the LearningApps.org website, the e-exercises are developed in accordance with the curriculum and serve as a tool for developing students’ competencies.]]></description><pubDate>Sat, 10 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><dc:identifier>doi:10.53656/his2026-1-5-dig</dc:identifier><dc:creator>Юлия Симеонова</dc:creator><prism:journalTitle>История</prism:journalTitle><prism:startingPage>62</prism:startingPage><prism:endingPage>75</prism:endingPage><prism:publicationDate>2026-01-10</prism:publicationDate><dc:date>2026</dc:date><prism:volume>34</prism:volume><prism:number>1</prism:number></item><item><title><![CDATA[ДЕСЕТА ГОДИШНА НАУЧНА КОНФЕРЕНЦИЯ И ТОМ 10-И НА „ИЗВЕСТИЯ НА ЦЕНТЪРА ЗА СТОПАНСКО-ИСТОРИЧЕСКИ ИЗСЛЕДВАНИЯ“ НА ТЕМА „ВОЙНИ,  РЕВОЛЮЦИИ,  НЕСИГУРНОСТ“]]></title><guid isPermaLink="true">https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/deseta-godisna-naucna-konferenciya-i-tom-10-i-na-izvestiya-na-centra-za-stopansko-istoriceski-izsledvaniya-na-tema-voini-revolyucii-nesigurnost/view</guid><link>https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/deseta-godisna-naucna-konferenciya-i-tom-10-i-na-izvestiya-na-centra-za-stopansko-istoriceski-izsledvaniya-na-tema-voini-revolyucii-nesigurnost/view</link><description><![CDATA[]]></description><pubDate>Sat, 10 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><dc:identifier>doi:10.53656/his2026-1-6-ten</dc:identifier><dc:creator>Росица Златинска</dc:creator><prism:journalTitle>История</prism:journalTitle><prism:startingPage>76</prism:startingPage><prism:endingPage>84</prism:endingPage><prism:publicationDate>2026-01-10</prism:publicationDate><dc:date>2026</dc:date><prism:volume>34</prism:volume><prism:number>1</prism:number></item><item><title><![CDATA[НОВ БИБЛИОГРАФСКИ СПРАВОЧНИК ПО ПОВОД 180-ГОДИШНИНАТА ОТ ПОСТРОЯВАНЕТО НА ХРАМ „ВЪВЕДЕНИЕ БОГОРОДИЧНО“ В ГОРНА ДЖУМАЯ И 130-ГОДИШНИНАТА ОТ СЪЗДАВАНЕТО НА НЕВРОКОПСКАТА ЕПАРХИЯ]]></title><guid isPermaLink="true">https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/nov-bibliografski-spravocnik-po-povod-180-godisninata-ot-postroyavaneto-na-xram-vvedenie-bogorodicno-v-gorna-dzumaya-i-130-godisninata-ot-szdavaneto-na-nevrokopskata-eparxiya/view</guid><link>https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/nov-bibliografski-spravocnik-po-povod-180-godisninata-ot-postroyavaneto-na-xram-vvedenie-bogorodicno-v-gorna-dzumaya-i-130-godisninata-ot-szdavaneto-na-nevrokopskata-eparxiya/view</link><description><![CDATA[]]></description><pubDate>Sat, 10 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><dc:identifier>doi:10.53656/his2026-1-7-new</dc:identifier><dc:creator>Кристиян Ковачев</dc:creator><prism:journalTitle>История</prism:journalTitle><prism:startingPage>85</prism:startingPage><prism:endingPage>87</prism:endingPage><prism:publicationDate>2026-01-10</prism:publicationDate><dc:date>2026</dc:date><prism:volume>34</prism:volume><prism:number>1</prism:number></item><item><title><![CDATA[FAITH AND FINANCES. THE ECONOMIC FOUNDATIONS OF THE ATHONITE COMMONWEALTH IN THE MIDDLE BYZANTINE ERA]]></title><guid isPermaLink="true">https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/faith-and-finances-the-economic-foundations-of-the-athonite-commonwealth-in-the-middle-byzantine-era/view</guid><link>https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/faith-and-finances-the-economic-foundations-of-the-athonite-commonwealth-in-the-middle-byzantine-era/view</link><description><![CDATA[This article analyzes how Mount Athos became a durable economic actor in the Middle Byzantine period (9th – 12th centuries). Building on translated monastic foundation documents and Athonite acts alongside recent economic and institutional historiography, I examine (a) imperial patronage and fiscal immunities; (b) land acquisition and the metochia network; (c) resource management, labor, and market integration. Methodologically, the study combines documentary analysis (typika, chrysobulls, praktika) with an institutional lens on property rights and exemptions (exkousiai), situating the Athonite koinon at the intersection of Orthodox canon law and imperial governance. The findings clarify a post-Iconoclastic trajectory: from state protection to endowed, tax-privileged estates that sustained large cenobitic houses (Lavra, Iviron, Vatopedi). Athonite monasteries consolidated land by donation and purchase, administered dependent peasants with comparatively mild dues, and regularly exchanged surpluses (grain, wine, oil, timber) with regional markets, especially Thessalonica, while importing non-produced essentials. Far from a contradiction, Athos’ “sacred economy” was a corporate, rule-bound system that reconciled ascetic ideals with prudent resource management. The article refines our understanding of Athos as a fiscally semi-autonomous enclave whose endurance depended on secure rights, exempt status, and diversified estates rather than isolation.]]></description><pubDate>Tue, 10 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><dc:identifier>doi:10.53656/his2025-6s-1-fai</dc:identifier><dc:creator>Radostin Vazov</dc:creator><prism:journalTitle>История</prism:journalTitle><prism:startingPage>7</prism:startingPage><prism:endingPage>19</prism:endingPage><prism:publicationDate>2025-06-10</prism:publicationDate><dc:date>2025</dc:date><prism:volume>33</prism:volume><prism:number>6s</prism:number></item><item><title><![CDATA[DEFICIENCIES AND WEAKNESSES OF ORGANIZED AGRICULTURAL CREDIT IN BULGARIA]]></title><guid isPermaLink="true">https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/deficiencies-and-weaknesses-of-organized-agricultural-credit-in-bulgaria/view</guid><link>https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/deficiencies-and-weaknesses-of-organized-agricultural-credit-in-bulgaria/view</link><description><![CDATA[The article analyzes the weaknesses of organized agricultural credit in Bulgaria through the history of the Bulgarian Agricultural Bank. It traces its transformation from the Ottoman public benefit funds into a state institution entrusted with the mission to modernize agriculture and limit usury. Despite the good intentions, the bank proved to be dependent on political influence, heavily bureaucratized, and with limited access for smallholders, which led to abuses, nonperforming loans, and a slowdown in modernization. The aim of the study is to highlight these shortcomings and draw lessons from the past regarding the risks of excessive specialization, lack of regulation, and politicization of state credit institutions.]]></description><pubDate>Tue, 10 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><dc:identifier>doi:10.53656/his2025-6s-2-def</dc:identifier><dc:creator>Pencho D. Penchev</dc:creator><dc:creator>Yanko Hristozov</dc:creator><prism:journalTitle>История</prism:journalTitle><prism:startingPage>20</prism:startingPage><prism:endingPage>28</prism:endingPage><prism:publicationDate>2025-06-10</prism:publicationDate><dc:date>2025</dc:date><prism:volume>33</prism:volume><prism:number>6s</prism:number></item><item><title><![CDATA[RETAIL CHAINS FOR TRADE IN CONVERTIBLE CURRENCIES IN THE SOCIALIST COUNTRIES OF CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE IN THE PERIOD 1946 – 1992]]></title><guid isPermaLink="true">https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/retail-chains-for-trade-in-convertible-currencies-in-the-socialist-countries-of-central-and-eastern-europe-in-the-period-1946-1992/view</guid><link>https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/retail-chains-for-trade-in-convertible-currencies-in-the-socialist-countries-of-central-and-eastern-europe-in-the-period-1946-1992/view</link><description><![CDATA[The aim of this study is to analyze the development, functions, and socio-economic significance of convertible currency retail stores in the socialist countries, with a special focus on the “Corecom” retail chain in Bulgaria and its counterparts in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE): “Tuzex”, “Intershop”, “Baltona”, “Pewex”, “Intertourist”, and “Comturist”. 
The research methodology combines historical-economic and comparative analysis based on a synthesis of existing scholarly and archival literature. Primary archival sources were utilized alongside secondary studies in the fields of economic history and cultural studies. A content analysis was applied, as well as a comparative review of the names of various socialist retail chains. 
The research results show that convertible currency retail chains performed a dual function, both economic and social. Attention is given to the relationship between the state’s economic objectives and citizens’ everyday lives, illustrating how access to goods in exchange for hard currency became a symbol of social privilege and prestige. These retail chains are examined not only as an economic phenomenon but also as a cultural marker of socialism in Central and Eastern Europe.]]></description><pubDate>Tue, 10 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><dc:identifier>doi:10.53656/his2025-6s-3-ret</dc:identifier><dc:creator>Svetla Boneva</dc:creator><prism:journalTitle>История</prism:journalTitle><prism:startingPage>29</prism:startingPage><prism:endingPage>42</prism:endingPage><prism:publicationDate>2025-06-10</prism:publicationDate><dc:date>2025</dc:date><prism:volume>33</prism:volume><prism:number>6s</prism:number></item><item><title><![CDATA[THE EUROPEAN UNION AS A PILLAR OF GLOBALIZATION: OPENNESS AND UNEVEN DEVELOPMENT IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE]]></title><guid isPermaLink="true">https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/the-european-union-as-a-pillar-of-globalization-openness-and-uneven-development-in-historical-perspective/view</guid><link>https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/the-european-union-as-a-pillar-of-globalization-openness-and-uneven-development-in-historical-perspective/view</link><description><![CDATA[This article examines the European Union’s trajectory as a pillar of globalization in historical perspective, focusing on the interplay between structural openness and uneven development since 1970. Globalization has advanced in cyclical waves marked by episodes of slowdown and retrenchment, yet the EU has consistently maintained an outward orientation. Using trade as a share of GDP as the primary indicator, the paper traces long-term trends in European openness and highlights three critical inflection points: the stagflation era of the 1970s – 1980s, the global financial and eurozone crises of 2008–2013, and the pandemic-driven polycrisis of 2020 – 2024. Institutional analysis shows that each disruption was met with innovations–from the Single European Act and the euro to the European Stability Mechanism and NextGenerationEU – that reinforced openness. At the same time, the benefits of integration have been unevenly distributed: peripheral economies in Southern and Eastern Europe bore disproportionate adjustment costs unless compensated by supranational instruments. The EU’s historical experience thus illustrates both the resilience of globalization through regional integration and the enduring challenge of asymmetry within it.]]></description><pubDate>Tue, 10 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><dc:identifier>doi:10.53656/his2025-6s-4-glo</dc:identifier><dc:creator>Paskal Zhelev</dc:creator><dc:creator>Monika Moraliyska</dc:creator><dc:creator>Ivet Tileva</dc:creator><prism:journalTitle>История</prism:journalTitle><prism:startingPage>43</prism:startingPage><prism:endingPage>55</prism:endingPage><prism:publicationDate>2025-06-10</prism:publicationDate><dc:date>2025</dc:date><prism:volume>33</prism:volume><prism:number>6s</prism:number></item><item><title><![CDATA[FREEDOM, FAITH AND DEVELOPMENT: REVISITING BULGARIA’S HISTORICAL BACKWARDNESS THROUGH AMARTYA SEN’S CAPABILITY APPROACH]]></title><guid isPermaLink="true">https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/freedom-faith-and-development-revisiting-bulgarias-historical-backwardness-through-amartya-sens-capability-approach/view</guid><link>https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/freedom-faith-and-development-revisiting-bulgarias-historical-backwardness-through-amartya-sens-capability-approach/view</link><description><![CDATA[This article reinterprets Bulgaria’s historical backwardness through Amartya Sen’s concept of development as the expansion of substantive freedoms. The study integrates Sen’s capability framework with historical accounts of Bulgarian Orthodoxy and economic culture. Drawing on Amartya Sen, Martha Nussbaum, Daniela Kalkandjieva, Blagoy Kolev, and Venelin Makrides, as well as Max Weber’s classical thesis, the article examines how Orthodox cultural and institutional legacies have shaped freedoms in education, political participation, entrepreneurship, transparency, and security. The methodology combines conceptual analysis with historical-institutional reconstruction. Results indicate that Bulgarian backwardness is best understood as a long-term deficit in freedoms, rather than as a mere lag in industrialization. The novelty of the article lies in connecting Sen’s capability approach with the specificities of Bulgarian Orthodoxy and economic culture, thereby reframing the religion–economy debate beyond Weberian binaries.]]></description><pubDate>Tue, 10 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><dc:identifier>doi:10.53656/his2025-6s-5-fre</dc:identifier><dc:creator>Mihaela Misheva</dc:creator><prism:journalTitle>История</prism:journalTitle><prism:startingPage>56</prism:startingPage><prism:endingPage>65</prism:endingPage><prism:publicationDate>2025-06-10</prism:publicationDate><dc:date>2025</dc:date><prism:volume>33</prism:volume><prism:number>6s</prism:number></item><item><title><![CDATA[STATE CAPACITY AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN BULGARIA (1878 – 2024): A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE ON INSTITUTIONAL MODERNIZATION]]></title><guid isPermaLink="true">https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/state-capacity-and-economic-development-in-bulgaria-1878-2024-a-historical-perspective-on-institutional-modernization/view</guid><link>https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/state-capacity-and-economic-development-in-bulgaria-1878-2024-a-historical-perspective-on-institutional-modernization/view</link><description><![CDATA[In the framework of this study, the issue of Bulgaria’s state capacity is viewed as a long-term process of institutional consolidation, administrative professionalisation, and economic modernisation. The main objective is to rebuild the historical interdependence between bureaucratic impartiality, regime stability, and development performance from 1878 to 2024. The analysis argues that state capabilities are not only an administrative attribute, but also a strategic determinant of sustainable growth and institutional resilience. The methodological approach is descriptive and historical, combining empirical indicators with interpretative analysis. Data are extracted from internationally recognised sources, including Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem), Political Economy IV, and Gapminder, and supplemented by national statistics and historical documents. The conceptual model incorporates three analytical dimensions: administrative competence, political stability, and economic sustainability, representing real income per capita. This concept allows the identification of structural dependencies and cyclical patterns in the co-evolution of governance quality and economic development. The novelty of this study lies in the interdisciplinarity of economic history, political economy, and public administration theory. By integrating quantitative data with historical narrative, it reveals how Bulgaria’s administrative capacity has evolved through successive systemic transformations, from constitutional monarchy and socialist centralisation to the democratic and Europeanized governance model of the contemporary era. Empirical findings show that periods of administrative consolidation and bureaucratic competence coincide with periods of economic expansion and democratic predictability, while political instability, authoritarian centralisation, and frequent cabinet turnover undermine institutional effectiveness and political coherence. Evidence supports the conclusion that Bulgaria’s development path depends less on formal regime types and more on the administrative capacity to ensure predictable, impartial, and statutory governance.  Finally, the study establishes that the convergence of democratic accountability, bureaucratic professionalism, and economic adaptability is a structural mechanism that underpins Bulgaria’s modernisation and sustainable development.]]></description><pubDate>Tue, 10 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><dc:identifier>doi:10.53656/his2025-6s-6-sta</dc:identifier><dc:creator>Ralitsa Veleva</dc:creator><prism:journalTitle>История</prism:journalTitle><prism:startingPage>66</prism:startingPage><prism:endingPage>79</prism:endingPage><prism:publicationDate>2025-06-10</prism:publicationDate><dc:date>2025</dc:date><prism:volume>33</prism:volume><prism:number>6s</prism:number></item><item><title><![CDATA[FROM ANTICIPATION TO ADAPTATION: THE MISSING FEEDFORWARD LOGIC IN BULGARIA’S ECONOMIC GOVERNANCE]]></title><guid isPermaLink="true">https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/from-anticipation-to-adaptation-the-missing-feedforward-logic-in-bulgarias-economic-governance/view</guid><link>https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/from-anticipation-to-adaptation-the-missing-feedforward-logic-in-bulgarias-economic-governance/view</link><description><![CDATA[The article analyzes the strategic planning process in Bulgaria through the prism of feedforward logic – an approach that includes predicting future scenarios, analyzing early signals and adapting before crises occur. Over 300 strategic documents (2007 – 2025) were studied using an interdisciplinary methodology grounded in systems theory, cybernetics, and strategic planning. The results show a predominant dependence on feedback logic – management through reporting and post-factum correction. National strategies are short-term, fragmented and often subordinated to external (mostly European) frameworks. Feedforward elements are found in areas such as climate and digitalization, but remain isolated. Recommendations are offered for institutionalizing foresight functions, introducing scenario thinking and expanding time horizons, to transition to future-oriented management.]]></description><pubDate>Tue, 10 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><dc:identifier>doi:10.53656/his2025-6s-7-fro</dc:identifier><dc:creator>Sabrina Kalinkova</dc:creator><prism:journalTitle>История</prism:journalTitle><prism:startingPage>80</prism:startingPage><prism:endingPage>92</prism:endingPage><prism:publicationDate>2025-06-10</prism:publicationDate><dc:date>2025</dc:date><prism:volume>33</prism:volume><prism:number>6s</prism:number></item><item><title><![CDATA[CONTRADICTIONS IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN HISTORICAL CONTEXT]]></title><guid isPermaLink="true">https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/contradictions-in-public-administration-in-historical-context/view</guid><link>https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/contradictions-in-public-administration-in-historical-context/view</link><description><![CDATA[This article explores the evolution of contradictions in public administration from antiquity to the digital era, arguing that these tensions are not malfunctions but structural forces driving institutional change. It identifies key categories of administrative contradictions – structural, functional, politicoadministrative, cultural, ethical, and technological and examines how they manifest historically and theoretically. The analysis integrates classical frameworks (Weber’s rational bureaucracy, Simon’s bounded rationality) with contemporary paradigms such as New Public Management, Public Value, and New Public Governance. Particular attention is devoted to the Bulgarian context, where Europeanization interacts with post-socialist legacies, revealing tensions between legal reform and cultural inertia, professionalism and politicization, and digitalization and bureaucratic culture.]]></description><pubDate>Tue, 10 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><dc:identifier>doi:10.53656/his2025-6s-8-con</dc:identifier><dc:creator>Kalin Boyanov</dc:creator><prism:journalTitle>История</prism:journalTitle><prism:startingPage>93</prism:startingPage><prism:endingPage>106</prism:endingPage><prism:publicationDate>2025-06-10</prism:publicationDate><dc:date>2025</dc:date><prism:volume>33</prism:volume><prism:number>6s</prism:number></item><item><title><![CDATA[HOW MODERNITY PERCEIVES HISTORY. HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF THE MUNICIPAL BUDGETARY PRACTICES OF THE BULGARIAN STATE]]></title><guid isPermaLink="true">https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/how-modernity-perceives-history-historical-overview-of-the-municipal-budgetary-practices-of-the-bulgarian-state/view</guid><link>https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/how-modernity-perceives-history-historical-overview-of-the-municipal-budgetary-practices-of-the-bulgarian-state/view</link><description><![CDATA[The practice of developing state and municipal budgets in Bulgaria began immediately after the Liberation and reflects both the fiscal traditions of the Ottoman Empire and the desire for modernization and Europeanization of Bulgarian financial policy. Historically, various financial decisions have determined the degree of financial decentralization and the financial powers of local authorities, the role of internal control, the functions of financial specialists, tax policy, budget expenditure priorities, and more. Some of these decisions remain valid today, while others have been abandoned as unsuitable. The article provides a historical review of the budgetary practices of the Third Bulgarian Tsardom and a study of stakeholder attitudes towards key elements of modern budgetary policy. The aim of the article is to use the experience of the past to rethink certain decisions for the improvement of municipal budgetary policy. Questions are raised such as whether municipal councilors should receive remuneration for their work, whether financial decentralization should be expanded and deepened, whether it is necessary to introduce program budgeting at the municipal level, what the main sources of investment funds in municipal budgets should be, and others. The results of the survey show that there are old budget practices that are accepted as appropriate for our times, as well as those that are rejected. The opinions of the of mayors and municipal financial specialists and the review of past practices provide an opportunity to seek suitable solutions for improving the budget process in Bulgarian municipalities.]]></description><pubDate>Tue, 10 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><dc:identifier>doi:10.53656/his2025-6s-9-how</dc:identifier><dc:creator>Borislav Borissov</dc:creator><prism:journalTitle>История</prism:journalTitle><prism:startingPage>107</prism:startingPage><prism:endingPage>119</prism:endingPage><prism:publicationDate>2025-06-10</prism:publicationDate><dc:date>2025</dc:date><prism:volume>33</prism:volume><prism:number>6s</prism:number></item><item><title><![CDATA[THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE SOCIAL ENTERPRISE: FROM EARLY “SPONTANEOUS” ENTREPRENEURS IN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE TO CONTEMPORARY CENTRES OF EXCELLENCE AND ACADEMIC ENTREPRENEURSHIP]]></title><guid isPermaLink="true">https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/the-historical-development-of-the-social-enterprise-from-early-spontaneous-entrepreneurs-in-the-ottoman-empire-to-contemporary-centres-of-excellence-and-academic-entrepreneurship/view</guid><link>https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/the-historical-development-of-the-social-enterprise-from-early-spontaneous-entrepreneurs-in-the-ottoman-empire-to-contemporary-centres-of-excellence-and-academic-entrepreneurship/view</link><description><![CDATA[Entrepreneurial activity manifests across diverse domains, encompassing both economic and broader societal spheres. In recent years, the significance of one particular form – social entrepreneurship – has increasingly come to the forefront, as its role and contributions to society have gained new and tangible dimensions. Although the term itself is relatively recent, the practices it reflects have existed for centuries. The social dimension of entrepreneurship has shaped entrepreneurial behavior since antiquity: Aristotle famously stated, “Noble is he who gives, not he who accumulates wealth.” However, a considerable part of entrepreneurial responsibility and contributions to society and local communities has remained overlooked and gradually forgotten. This article traces the development of social enterprise and social entrepreneurship in more recent history by examining the activities of the first “spontaneous” entrepreneurs in the Ottoman Empire, progressing to the contemporary era, where social enterprises represent not merely economic entities but platforms for innovation, cooperation, and societal transformation. In a time of global challenges, social enterprises are becoming engines of change – spaces where academia and practice converge to generate sustainable solutions.]]></description><pubDate>Tue, 10 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><dc:identifier>doi:10.53656/his2025-6s-10-the</dc:identifier><dc:creator>Nikolay Sterev</dc:creator><dc:creator>Veneta Hristova</dc:creator><prism:journalTitle>История</prism:journalTitle><prism:startingPage>120</prism:startingPage><prism:endingPage>138</prism:endingPage><prism:publicationDate>2025-06-10</prism:publicationDate><dc:date>2025</dc:date><prism:volume>33</prism:volume><prism:number>6s</prism:number></item><item><title><![CDATA[BULGARIAN ECONOMISTS IN THE 1930s ON THE ECONOMY OF THE THIRD REICH]]></title><guid isPermaLink="true">https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/bulgarian-economists-in-the-1930s-on-the-economy-of-the-third-reich/view</guid><link>https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/bulgarian-economists-in-the-1930s-on-the-economy-of-the-third-reich/view</link><description><![CDATA[Germany experienced significant economic successes and political and military defeats in the 20th century. It initiated and lost two world wars, leading to severe consequences for its economy. This paper presents analyses by Bulgarian economists who were contemporaries of the Third Reich. During this period, the Bulgarian economy was closely linked to the German economy and followed its state-regulatory policy. The study focuses on publications in the journal of the Bulgarian Economic Society, the most authoritative economic publication at that time. Many prominent economists in Bulgaria were members of the society and published in its journal. From these publications, it is evident that there was sufficient empirical data on the economics and politics of Germany and Bulgaria during this period. The study is limited to analyses by Bulgarian economists of Germany and its economic relations with Bulgaria, without delving into theoretical interpretations of socialism versus capitalism or of planned versus unplanned economies. In Nazi Germany, there were no five-year plans, and private property existed.]]></description><pubDate>Tue, 10 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><dc:identifier>doi:10.53656/his2025-6s-11-bul</dc:identifier><dc:creator>Rumen Andreev</dc:creator><prism:journalTitle>История</prism:journalTitle><prism:startingPage>139</prism:startingPage><prism:endingPage>148</prism:endingPage><prism:publicationDate>2025-06-10</prism:publicationDate><dc:date>2025</dc:date><prism:volume>33</prism:volume><prism:number>6s</prism:number></item><item><title><![CDATA[THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK OF ENERGY INFRASTRUCTURE IN BULGARIA – AN ATTEMPT AT MODERNIZATION UNDER ECONOMIC CHALLENGES (1879–1939)]]></title><guid isPermaLink="true">https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/the-legal-framework-of-energy-infrastructure-in-bulgaria-an-attempt-at-modernization-under-economic-challenges-1879-1939/view</guid><link>https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/the-legal-framework-of-energy-infrastructure-in-bulgaria-an-attempt-at-modernization-under-economic-challenges-1879-1939/view</link><description><![CDATA[The electrification of Bulgaria represents one of the fundamental processes in the country’s modernization following the Liberation, reflecting the state’s aspiration for economic and technological renewal. The construction of Bulgaria’s energy infrastructure was undertaken to provide electricity not only for the population but also for all branches of the national economy. In the early years after the Liberation, the emergence of electrification in Bulgaria was associated not only with the modernization ideas of the founders of the young state but also with the technological progress of Western Europe. This study aims to examine the legislative initiatives in the field of energy that clearly outline a consistent policy for the establishment of a national energy system. Through a series of legislative acts – from the Law on the Encouragement of Local Industry and Trade of 1905 to the Decree-Law on Electrification of 1935 – a comprehensive normative framework was created, laying the foundations of national energy policy. Overall, electrification in Bulgaria developed primarily through strong state protectionism, reflected in the gradual establishment of a comprehensive normative and institutional framework and the centralized management of electricity production, transmission, and distribution. Private initiative was present in the early stages, but its role diminished progressively over time. The study’s methodology includes a historical approach, through which the gradual development of electrification and the related legislative framework are traced. A legal-analytical approach is applied for a detailed review of the content, objectives and mechanisms of action of key regulatory acts. A comparative law method is also used to identify the evolution of state intervention at different stages. Through institutional analysis, the role and interaction of the competent state bodies involved in energy policy are clarified. Despite certain shortcomings, Bulgarian legislation in the field of electrification emerged as one of the most significant features of state policy aimed at economic and social renewal during the period from the Liberation to the Second World War.  A novel contribution of this study is the systematization of the legislative acts regulating the electrification of Bulgaria in the period 1879 – 1939, tracing their evolution and internal coherence. The research provides an in-depth analysis of the role of each normative act. It traces the establishment of a coherent state policy that laid the foundations for a national energy system. The study outlines the institutional interactions and conflicts between state structures, offering a deeper understanding of the mechanisms through which the national electrification program was implemented. It traces the transformation from local, private, and municipal electricity sources to the concept of a centralized national electricity supply system under state control, thereby revealing the connection between electrification and the country’s modernization. It further contributes a critical assessment of the weaknesses and limited economic resources that influenced the pace of electrification, thus providing a balanced scholarly evaluation of the process.]]></description><pubDate>Tue, 10 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><dc:identifier>doi:10.53656/his2025-6s-12-leg</dc:identifier><dc:creator>Neli Radeva</dc:creator><prism:journalTitle>История</prism:journalTitle><prism:startingPage>149</prism:startingPage><prism:endingPage>158</prism:endingPage><prism:publicationDate>2025-06-10</prism:publicationDate><dc:date>2025</dc:date><prism:volume>33</prism:volume><prism:number>6s</prism:number></item><item><title><![CDATA[THE DISCURSIVE CONSTRUCTION OF BULGARIA’S IMAGE IN MARGARET THATCHER’S PUBLIC STATEMENTS]]></title><guid isPermaLink="true">https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/the-discursive-construction-of-bulgarias-image-in-margaret-thatchers-public-statements/view</guid><link>https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/the-discursive-construction-of-bulgarias-image-in-margaret-thatchers-public-statements/view</link><description><![CDATA[This paper examines how Margaret Thatcher’s public discourse between 1981 and 1991 constructs Bulgaria’s image within the shifting geopolitical landscape of late Cold War and post-communist Europe. Drawing on Norman Fairclough’s three-dimensional model of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), complemented by the approaches of Wodak, van Dijk, and Chilton and Schäffner, the study investigates lexical, syntactic, and ideological patterns across Thatcher’s speeches, press conferences, and parliamentary statements. The analysis reveals a consistent discursive hierarchy in which Poland and Hungary are individualized as exemplary reformers, while Bulgaria is positioned as a conditional and derivative actor on the international arena. Through recurrent formulations, Thatcher links democratization to neoliberal reform, embedding Western political and economic values within the language of transition. Modal structures encode distance and conditionality, situating Britain and the European Community as arbiters of legitimacy. The findings expose how Thatcher’s discourse performs ideological work beyond description: it reaffirms Western dominance by defining the criteria of democratic belonging. Bulgaria’s identity emerges as that of a deferred European – acknowledged as part of the tide of liberty, yet linguistically and symbolically relegated to Europe’s periphery. The study concludes that Thatcher’s rhetoric shows how post-1989 political discourse simultaneously celebrated freedom and reproduced hierarchies, shaping not only perceptions of Eastern Europe but also the language of European integration itself.]]></description><pubDate>Tue, 10 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><dc:identifier>doi:10.53656/his2025-6s-13-dis</dc:identifier><dc:creator>Kalina Filipova Ishpekova-Bratanova</dc:creator><prism:journalTitle>История</prism:journalTitle><prism:startingPage>159</prism:startingPage><prism:endingPage>171</prism:endingPage><prism:publicationDate>2025-06-10</prism:publicationDate><dc:date>2025</dc:date><prism:volume>33</prism:volume><prism:number>6s</prism:number></item><item><title><![CDATA[НЕИЗВЕСТНИ МЕМОАРИ НА ЕКЗАРХ СТЕФАН I БЪЛГАРСКИ: МЕЖДУ ЛИЧНАТА ПАМЕТ И ИСТОРИЧЕСКАТА МИСИЯ]]></title><guid isPermaLink="true">https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/neizvestni-memoari-na-ekzarx-stefan-i-blgarski-mezdu-licnata-pamet-i-istoriceskata-misiya/view</guid><link>https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/neizvestni-memoari-na-ekzarx-stefan-i-blgarski-mezdu-licnata-pamet-i-istoriceskata-misiya/view</link><description><![CDATA[Статията представя и анализира в извороведски аспект новооткрити мемоари на екзарх Стефан I Български (1878 – 1957), озаглавени „Бегли спомени и впечатления от някои посещения на държавите в Северна Европа“. Текстът обединява автобиографични сведения, духовни размишления и дипломатически наблюдения, извлечени от пътувания и мисии в редица европейски страни. Разказът преплита личната съдба на автора с ключови обществени и църковни трансформации в България през първата половина на ХХ в. Особено внимание е отделено на впечатленията от Финландия, Швеция, Дания, Норвегия, Холандия (дн. Нидерландия), Белгия, Великобритания и Швейцария, представени като примери за утвърдена демократична култура, социална справедливост и религиозен морал. Чрез сравнителен анализ духовникът противопоставя „цивилизования Север“ на „балканския хаос“, формулирайки ценностни ориентири за обществено и духовно обновление. Мемоарите се отличават с многопластова структура, съчетаваща документална достоверност, културно-историческа перспектива и философска дълбочина, като предлагат оригинален поглед към международните църковни и културни взаимодействия на България през разглеждания период.]]></description><pubDate>Tue, 10 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><dc:identifier>doi:10.53656/his2025-6-1-rus</dc:identifier><dc:creator>Русалена Пенджекова-Христева</dc:creator><dc:creator>Георги Мъндев</dc:creator><dc:creator>Илиана Жекова</dc:creator><prism:journalTitle>История</prism:journalTitle><prism:startingPage>571</prism:startingPage><prism:endingPage>597</prism:endingPage><prism:publicationDate>2025-06-10</prism:publicationDate><dc:date>2025</dc:date><prism:volume>33</prism:volume><prism:number>6</prism:number></item></channel></rss>