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<channel><atom:link href="https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/rss" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><title>История</title><link>https://journals.azbuki.bg/history</link><description><![CDATA[Списание „История“ е сред най-авторитетните академични издания в областта на българската хуманитаристика. То си поставя за цел да представя задълбочени изследвания за историята на Централна и Източна Европа и Източното Средиземноморие от древността до наши дни, да публикува научни разработки в областта на методиката на обучението по история и на архивното дело. Публикуваните статии и материали са структурирани в отделни рубрики и обхващат разнообразни теми и дискусионни проблеми в сферата на историческото познание.
Периодичност на изданието – 6 книжки годишно.
0.2 (2025)                       Q3 (2025)Impact factor                Rank by JIF
Статиите на „История” се реферират и индексират в Web of Science: Emerging Sources Citation Index.
ISSN: 0861–3710 (Print), 1314–8524 (Online)]]></description><language>bg</language><item><title><![CDATA[ЛИПСВАЩА И ПОДМЕНЕНА МУЗЕЙНА РЕЛИКВА ОТ АПРИЛСКОТО ВЪСТАНИЕ В РЕГИОНАЛНИЯ ИСТОРИЧЕСКИ МУЗЕЙ – ПЛОВДИВ]]></title><guid isPermaLink="true">https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/lipsvashha-i-podmenena-muzeina-relikva-ot-aprilskoto-vstanie-v-regionalniya-istoriceski-muzei-plovdiv/view</guid><link>https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/lipsvashha-i-podmenena-muzeina-relikva-ot-aprilskoto-vstanie-v-regionalniya-istoriceski-muzei-plovdiv/view</link><description><![CDATA[In recent decades,  thefts of cultural valuables have frequently occurred in Bulgarian museums.  In some cases,  original exhibits have been replaced with similar objects, usually suggesting or revealing internal complicity.  This study presents the replacement of the cross of Pop (Priest) Gruyu Banski, which was used to administer the oath to the delegates at the Assembly in Oborishte during the April Uprising.  The main sources include documents from the Scientific Archive of the Regional Historical Museum – Plovdiv,  as well as printed and digital images.  The last photograph of the original cross dates from early January 2010.  The cross disappeared in 2011 or 2012.  As a silver-plated object,  it was subject to annual inventory checks. According to the inventory conducted at the beginning of 2011,  the cross was still present. After 2012,  however,  it was no longer listed among the cultural valuables subject to annual inspection. Such a change could only be made by order of the museum director. 
Subsequently,  at an unknown time and under unclear circumstances,  another cross appeared in the display case,  resembling the original but clearly different from it.  All museum collections are subject to a full inventory every five years; however,  the inventory due in 2015 proved to be fictitious,  with an inaccurate report entered into the Scientific Archive only in 2022.  No subsequent full inventory has been conducted.  It became evident that no positive change would occur while the director remained in office,  and a report was therefore submitted to the Ministry of Culture.  The director retired,  and a few months later the employee who had most consistently insisted on resolving the case in accordance with the law also retired. The new director was informed but took almost no action.  Ultimately,  the only remaining staff member who remembered the original cross and refused to allow the  replacement to be concealed filed a report with the prosecutor’s office.  No actual investigation followed: no representative of the investigative authorities visited the exhibition or the Scientific Archive,  the case file was closed,  and no official document confirming the loss of the cross has been issued to this day.  The new cross continues to be displayed in the exhibition.]]></description><pubDate>Tue, 10 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><dc:identifier>doi:10.53656/his2026-3-1-mis</dc:identifier><dc:creator>Видин Сукарев</dc:creator><prism:journalTitle>История</prism:journalTitle><prism:startingPage>229</prism:startingPage><prism:endingPage>243</prism:endingPage><prism:publicationDate>2026-03-10</prism:publicationDate><dc:date>2026</dc:date><prism:volume>34</prism:volume><prism:number>3</prism:number></item><item><title><![CDATA[ОПРЕДЕЛЯНЕ И ЗАЩИТА НА ГРАНИЦИТЕ НА НЕДВИЖИМИТЕ ИМОТИ СЪОБРАЗНО НОРМИТЕ НА БЪЛГАРСКОТО ОБИЧАЙНО ПРАВО]]></title><guid isPermaLink="true">https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/opredelyane-i-zashhita-na-granicite-na-nedvizimite-imoti-sobrazno-normite-na-blgarskoto-obicaino-pravo/view</guid><link>https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/opredelyane-i-zashhita-na-granicite-na-nedvizimite-imoti-sobrazno-normite-na-blgarskoto-obicaino-pravo/view</link><description><![CDATA[The regulation of the establishment and protection of boundaries of agricultural properties occupies an important place in Bulgarian common law.  Land, as the primary means of subsistence,  necessitated its clear delimitation and effective safeguarding.  This study examines customary practices related to the demarcation and protection of propertyboundaries during the Ottoman period and theyears immediately following the Liberation.  The Bulgarian customary legal order developed a rich system of terms,  markers,  and rituals through which fields,  meadows,  pastures,  and forests were delineated and protected.  These norms were not only legal in character but also carried moral and religious significance,  with their violation being perceived as a serious offense and sin. For the purposes of this publication, a substantial corpus of ethnographic,  historical-legal, and folklore materials has been analyzed. 
Bulgarian customs related to the establishment and protection of boundaries have been systematically examined,  demonstrating that they are neither random nor isolated phenomena but constitute part of a durable legal and social tradition.  The study further highlights the central role of customary law for the Bulgarian people, for whom the violation of boundaries was perceived as both a legal transgression and a moral offense,  affecting the community as well as divine justice. Additionally, regional variations and similarities have been traced,  showing that these customs were adapted to specific local conditions and the social structure of Bulgarian society.]]></description><pubDate>Tue, 10 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><dc:identifier>doi:10.53656/his2026-3-2-opr</dc:identifier><dc:creator>Нели Радева</dc:creator><prism:journalTitle>История</prism:journalTitle><prism:startingPage>244</prism:startingPage><prism:endingPage>257</prism:endingPage><prism:publicationDate>2026-03-10</prism:publicationDate><dc:date>2026</dc:date><prism:volume>34</prism:volume><prism:number>3</prism:number></item><item><title><![CDATA[ПРЕВРАТЪТ ОТ 19 МАЙ 1934 Г. В КРИТИЧНИЯ ПОГЛЕД НА ВЕСТНИК „МАКЕДОНСКА ТРИБУНА“]]></title><guid isPermaLink="true">https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/prevratt-ot-19-mai-1934-g-v-kriticniya-pogled-na-vestnik-makedonska-tribuna/view</guid><link>https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/prevratt-ot-19-mai-1934-g-v-kriticniya-pogled-na-vestnik-makedonska-tribuna/view</link><description><![CDATA[The article examines the relationship between the Macedonian émigré community and the Bulgarian state following the coup of May 19,  1934,  through an analysis of the newspaper Macedonian Tribune. The periodical,  a leading voice of the Macedonian diaspora in North America,  documents the shifting attitudes of emigrants toward political developments in Bulgaria.  Initially,  the newspaper adopts a cautious and neutral stance toward the new government.  However,  this position gradually changes as tensions escalate between the state and the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization. 
Before the coup,  the focus of the émigré discourse is largely on foreign policy, especially Bulgaria’s relations with Yugoslavia,  which are viewed with suspicion. After the coup,  attention shifts to internal politics,  particularly the repressive measures imposed by the new regime associated with the Zveno (a Bulgarian political circle).  Arrests,  censorship,  and administrative control over Macedonian organizations intensify tensions and elicit a sharp response from the diaspora. 
As a result,  the newspaper's tone grows increasingly adversarial.  The language used in the newspaper evolves rapidly,  reflecting a deepening divide between “Bulgarians from Macedonia” and those from the Kingdom.  The study highlights how political pressure and state policies not only provoke open confrontation but also reshape identities and rhetoric within the community.]]></description><pubDate>Tue, 10 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><dc:identifier>doi:10.53656/his2026-3-3-vmr</dc:identifier><dc:creator>Николай Янев</dc:creator><prism:journalTitle>История</prism:journalTitle><prism:startingPage>258</prism:startingPage><prism:endingPage>276</prism:endingPage><prism:publicationDate>2026-03-10</prism:publicationDate><dc:date>2026</dc:date><prism:volume>34</prism:volume><prism:number>3</prism:number></item><item><title><![CDATA[БОГОМИЛСТВОТО И ИСЛЯМИЗАЦИЯТА (ИСТОРИОГРАФСКИ АСПЕКТИ)]]></title><guid isPermaLink="true">https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/bogomilstvoto-i-islyamizaciyata-istoriografski-aspekti/view</guid><link>https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/bogomilstvoto-i-islyamizaciyata-istoriografski-aspekti/view</link><description><![CDATA[The present study examines the historiographical debate surrounding the relationship between Bogomilism and the process of Islamisation in the Balkans,  with a particular focus on Bosnia.  Bogomilism,  a dualistic Christian heresy that emerged in the medieval Bulgarian lands,  spread widely across Southeastern Europe and became especially influential in regions such as Bosnia,  where religious diversity and institutional fragmentation were characteristic features of the late medieval period. 
The article traces the origins of the so-called “Bogomil theory” of Islamisation,  which suggests that adherents of Bogomilism were more inclined to convert to Islam following the Ottoman conquest due to doctrinal similarities or their marginal position within Christian society.  This theory,  developed in late Ottoman and modern historiography,  has been widely debated and often challenged. 
Drawing on a comparative and interdisciplinary methodology,  the study analyzes abroad range of historiographical sources,  examining Ottoman tax registers,  narrative accounts,  archaeological evidence,  and epigraphic materials such as tombstones. These sources and studies reveal that Islamisation was a gradual and complex process, shaped by demographic changes,  social mobility,  economic incentives,  and administrative structures under Ottoman rule,  rather than by direct religious continuity with Bogomil beliefs. 
The research highlights that earlier interpretations overstated the role of Bogomilism, often influenced by ideological and national narratives,  particularly in the context of Bosnian identity formation. Modern scholarship increasingly rejects the idea of a direct causal link between Bogomilism and Islamisation,  emphasizing instead the diversity of religious experiences and the significance of broader socio-political factors. 
In conclusion,  while the “Bogomil theory” continues to persist in certain historiographical and public discourses,  it lacks solid empirical support.  The Islamisation of Bosnia should be understood as a multifaceted historical phenomenon,  embedded in the wider context of Ottoman expansion,  regional dynamics,  and evolving identities in Southeastern Europe.]]></description><pubDate>Tue, 10 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><dc:identifier>doi:10.53656/his2026-3-4-bog</dc:identifier><dc:creator>Джени Иванова</dc:creator><prism:journalTitle>История</prism:journalTitle><prism:startingPage>277</prism:startingPage><prism:endingPage>295</prism:endingPage><prism:publicationDate>2026-03-10</prism:publicationDate><dc:date>2026</dc:date><prism:volume>34</prism:volume><prism:number>3</prism:number></item><item><title><![CDATA[ПРОИЗВОДИТЕЛНОСТ НА ТРУДА И ИНТЕГРАЦИОННИ ПРОЦЕСИ НА СТРАНИТЕ ОТ ЕС,  НАФТА И МЕРКОСУР В ИСТОРИЧЕСКИ ПЛАН]]></title><guid isPermaLink="true">https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/proizvoditelnost-na-truda-i-integracionni-procesi-na-stranite-ot-es-nafta-i-merkosur-v-istoriceski-plan/view</guid><link>https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/proizvoditelnost-na-truda-i-integracionni-procesi-na-stranite-ot-es-nafta-i-merkosur-v-istoriceski-plan/view</link><description><![CDATA[This article examines the level and dynamics of average labour productivity (LP) in the countries associated with three major regional economic blocs: the European Union (EU),  the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA),  and the Southern Common Market (MERCOSUR),  over the period 1951–2019.  The relevance of the topic stems from the relationship between labour productivity and key macroeconomic indicators,  particularly economic growth and economic well-being.  The main objective is to characterize LP at both the aggregate and country levels,  compare productivity patterns across the three groups,  and identify their most significant similarities and differences.  The period under analysis is determined by the availability of empirical data on GDP and employment in the Penn World Table 10.1 database.  It begins with the post-World War II recovery, includes major global crises such as those of 1971 – 1974 and 2007 – 2009,  covers periods of expansion,  and ends immediately before the COVID-19 pandemic.  The article discusses the economic significance of labour productivity and reviews key empirical findings on its historical development in Europe compared with the United States.  It presents a descriptive analysis of the selected country groups.  The results indicate a general increase in LP levels, accompanied by a decline in growth rates. The slowdown in productivity growth over the past three decades raises questions about the role of contemporary technological transformations as a driver of economic growth and has potentially adverse implications for regional economic integration.  In comparative terms, the upward trend in LP is more pronounced in the EU and NAFTA,  while it remains relatively weak in MERCOSUR.  Within the EU,  smaller economies tend to record higher growth rates, with Luxembourg standing out in average productivity level. The United States occupies a dominant position within NAFTA.  Among the  MERCOSUR countries,  Argentina records the highest productivity level,  whereas Brazil exhibits the highest average growth rate.]]></description><pubDate>Tue, 10 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><dc:identifier>doi:10.53656/his2026-3-5-eco</dc:identifier><dc:creator>Димитър Златинов</dc:creator><dc:creator>Стела Ралева</dc:creator><dc:creator>Надя Велинова-Соколова</dc:creator><prism:journalTitle>История</prism:journalTitle><prism:startingPage>296</prism:startingPage><prism:endingPage>309</prism:endingPage><prism:publicationDate>2026-03-10</prism:publicationDate><dc:date>2026</dc:date><prism:volume>34</prism:volume><prism:number>3</prism:number></item><item><title><![CDATA[НАРОДНИЯТ СЪД ПРЕЗ ПРИЗМАТА НА АРХИВНИТЕ ДОКУМЕНТИ]]></title><guid isPermaLink="true">https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/narodniyat-sd-prez-prizmata-na-arxivnite-dokumenti/view</guid><link>https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/narodniyat-sd-prez-prizmata-na-arxivnite-dokumenti/view</link><description><![CDATA[]]></description><pubDate>Tue, 10 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><dc:identifier>doi:10.53656/his2026-3-6-syd</dc:identifier><dc:creator>Албена Симова</dc:creator><prism:journalTitle>История</prism:journalTitle><prism:startingPage>310</prism:startingPage><prism:endingPage>312</prism:endingPage><prism:publicationDate>2026-03-10</prism:publicationDate><dc:date>2026</dc:date><prism:volume>34</prism:volume><prism:number>3</prism:number></item><item><title><![CDATA[THE MERCHANT TSVYATKO RADOSLAVOV KANEV (SAHATCHIEV)  FROM SVISHTOV AND HIS WILL FROM 1876]]></title><guid isPermaLink="true">https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/the-merchant-tsvyatko-radoslavov-kanev-sahatchiev-from-svishtov-and-his-will-from-1876/view</guid><link>https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/the-merchant-tsvyatko-radoslavov-kanev-sahatchiev-from-svishtov-and-his-will-from-1876/view</link><description><![CDATA[The aim of the current article is twofold.  On the one hand,  brief, otherwise important information regarding the life and long-lasting entrepreneurial activities of Tsvyato Radoslavov Kane (Sahatchiev)  (1820-1880)  has been presented. 
Tsvyatko was born in Gabrovo into a wealthy (merchant)  family.  His relatives managed to establish lucrative trade contacts with Wallachia and Moldavia,  as well as with the Austrian monarchy,  in the first years of the 19th century. What is more important is that their experience and connections have passed to the next generation,  whose representative is Tsvyatko.  Around the 1840s,  he decided to move to the Danubian town of Svishtov in order to expand his entrepreneurial ventures. He managed to establish several commercial enterprises.  Despite his bankruptcy,  he managed to revive and to expand his economic activity. As a result,  Tsvyatko had the opportunity to amass significant fortunes. 
The second aim of the paper proposed is to shed light on Tsvyatko’s testament drafted in the early spring of 1876.  Currently,  the document is stored in the collections of the Historical Museum in Svishtov and has not been subject to thorough scientific analysis.  The will gives him the opportunity to reveal additional and little-known aspects of his personality, family, and private life. 
The text of the primary source (the will),  provides hints about Radoslavovʼs kin (about his wife Kiriakitza,  his sisters,  and adopted son Tsvetan Radoslavov-Hadjidenkov); about his charitable donations to schools (in Svishtov and in the native Gabrovo); about Tsvyatko’s desire to help financially needy individuals; one can find, albeit briefly, data on Radoslavov’s movable and immovable properties (a house,  café,  two shops,  money,  an inn,  vineyards,  fields, and meadows); last but not least, there are some clues about the executors (Kostaki G.  Avramov and Georgi h. Denkov)  of the will,  who were also representatives of the entrepreneurial elite in Svishtov. 
In general,  the will provides valuable details about the life and last wishes of an open-minded,  entrepreneurial person. As a representative of the Bulgarian (and  the Balkan)  bourgeoisie, he was actively involved in various public activities,  thus contributing to the process of modernization of the Bulgarian society during the National Revival period.]]></description><pubDate>Tue, 10 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><dc:identifier>doi:10.53656/his2026-2-1-mer</dc:identifier><dc:creator>Ivaylo Naydenov</dc:creator><prism:journalTitle>История</prism:journalTitle><prism:startingPage>103</prism:startingPage><prism:endingPage>116</prism:endingPage><prism:publicationDate>2026-02-10</prism:publicationDate><dc:date>2026</dc:date><prism:volume>34</prism:volume><prism:number>2</prism:number></item><item><title><![CDATA[АНТИЧНА СЕРДИКА В ЗАПАДНИТЕ ПЪТЕПИСИ ОТ XVI – XVIII В.]]></title><guid isPermaLink="true">https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/anticna-serdika-v-zapadnite-ptepisi-ot-xvi-xviii-v/view</guid><link>https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/anticna-serdika-v-zapadnite-ptepisi-ot-xvi-xviii-v/view</link><description><![CDATA[This study examines evidence concerning the ancient past and monuments of Sofia as reflected in foreign travel accounts from the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries.  Despite the growing interest in Antiquity across Europe during this period,  references to the city’s archaeological remains are sparse and fragmentary. Most authors focused primarily on historical narratives rather than on material remains, with the notable exception of the Basilica of St.  Sophia,  which consistently attracted attention,  albeit often described in a concise manner. The research draws on a broad and diverse body of sources,  including travelogues, itineraries,  reports,  and diplomatic accounts.  It draws on both early printed books and modern critical editions of manuscripts,  as well as relevant analytical studies. In addition,  the study incorporates previously unpublished manuscripts preserved in archival collections in Vienna,  Austria, alongside materials available on microfilm at the Central State Archives in Sofia. The principal methodological approach is source-critical analysis applied to the heterogeneous evidence.  This is complemented by a comparative method,  which facilitates the identification of similarities,  discrepancies,  and recurring errors across different accounts.  A contextual approach is also employed,  situating the travel narratives within their broader framework. The aim of the article is to trace how Sofia’s ancient past and its monuments were perceived and interpreted in foreign travel literature from the early sixteenth to the late eighteenth century. In doing so, it elucidates how foreign observers constructed and conveyed the city’s antiquity,  and how their knowledge,  misconceptions,  and source dependencies contributed to shaping its historical image in the early modern period. Travellers in the Ottoman Empire pursued a variety of objectives – religious, diplomatic,  commercial,  or scholarly –which is reflected in theheterogeneouscharacter of their accounts.  Their narratives were not always based on direct observation, often incorporating material derived from earlier ancient or contemporary authors.  This practice contributed to a degree of standardization and to the repetition of inaccuracies. A particularly illustrative example is the problem of identifying ancient Serdica.  Some  authors, influenced by the cartographic tradition stemming from Ptolemy, incorrectly equated Sofia with Ulpianum, while others identified it with Tibiscum. Descriptions of the city’s fortifications and other archaeological remains are infrequent and generally vague.  Information concerning other antiquities—such as inscriptions, coins,  and architectural fragments—is likewise limited. The Basilica of St.  Sophia occupies a central place in these accounts.  It is associated with a range of origin narratives,  variously attributing its construction to emperors such as Justinian or to legendary figures. Although its architectural features receive little detailed attention,  the building is consistently perceived as a defining landmark of the city.  Other ecclesiastical structures, such as the Rotunda of St.  George,  are only rarely mentioned. The study highlights that foreign authors tended to rely more heavily on classical texts than on locally obtained information,  a tendency that often resulted in inaccuracies.  By contrast,  local inhabitants—both Christian and Muslim—appear to have possessed a clearer understanding of the city’s historical identity,  although this knowledge was seldom systematized or mobilized for the preservation of its heritage. In conclusion,  travel accounts constitute a valuable yet limited source for the study of Sofia’s ancient past,  reflecting both the intellectual interests and the methodological constraints of their authors.]]></description><pubDate>Tue, 10 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><dc:identifier>doi:10.53656/his2026-2-2-anc</dc:identifier><dc:creator>Иван Вълчев</dc:creator><prism:journalTitle>История</prism:journalTitle><prism:startingPage>117</prism:startingPage><prism:endingPage>134</prism:endingPage><prism:publicationDate>2026-02-10</prism:publicationDate><dc:date>2026</dc:date><prism:volume>34</prism:volume><prism:number>2</prism:number></item><item><title><![CDATA[СЪВРЕМЕННИ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ В ИСТОРИЧЕСКОТО ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ: ВЪЗМОЖНОСТИ И ПРЕДИЗВИКАТЕЛСТВА ПРИ ИЗПОЛЗВАНЕ НА ИНТЕРАКТИВНИ ДЪСКИ ОТ ПРЕПОДАВАТЕЛИ В ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЯ ФАКУЛТЕТ НА СОФИЙСКИЯ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ „СВ.  КЛИМЕНТ ОХРИДСКИ“]]></title><guid isPermaLink="true">https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/svremenni-texnologii-v-istoriceskoto-obrazovanie-vzmoznosti-i-predizvikatelstva-pri-izpolzvane-na-interaktivni-dski-ot-prepodavateli-v-istoriceskiya-fakultet-na-sofiiskiya-universitet-sv-kliment-oxridski/view</guid><link>https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/svremenni-texnologii-v-istoriceskoto-obrazovanie-vzmoznosti-i-predizvikatelstva-pri-izpolzvane-na-interaktivni-dski-ot-prepodavateli-v-istoriceskiya-fakultet-na-sofiiskiya-universitet-sv-kliment-oxridski/view</link><description><![CDATA[This study investigates the integration of interactive whiteboards in higher education,  focusing specifically on their use by lecturers at the Faculty of History at Sofia University.  The primary aim of the research is to explore academic staff perceptions, experiences,  and attitudes toward this technological tool,  while also identifying the key opportunities and challenges associated with its implementation in the teaching process. From a broader perspective,  the study situates the adoption of interactive whiteboards within a framework of organizational change and digital transformation in education. The methodology is based on a mixed quantitative-qualitative approach.  Empirical data were collected through a structured questionnaire distributed to lecturers who teach in classrooms equipped with interactive whiteboards during the 2024/2025 academic year. The survey was administered via Google Forms and supplemented by a paper version to ensure higher response rates. A total of 29 out of 31 lecturers participated,  ensuring a high level of representativeness (approximately 93.6%).  The questionnaire includes Likertscale items,  closed and open-ended questions,  and is organized into thematic sections covering general attitudes,  impact on teaching,  student motivation,  and the need for technical training. The collected data were processed statistically and visualized through charts to facilitate interpretation. The results reveal a very high level of adoption and positive perception of interactive whiteboards among lecturers.  Approximately 96.6% of respondents report using them, with the majority doing so regularly. The findings demonstrate that interactive whiteboards  are widely regarded as valuable educational tools that enhance teaching efficiency,  enable the use of diverse visual materials,  and support the organization of interactive learning activities.  Lecturers also report that these technologies improve student engagement, attention,  and participation, contributing to better learning outcomes. However,  the study also identifies several challenges.  A significant proportion of respondents indicate the need for additional training to fully utilize the advanced functionalities of the technology.  Some lecturers experience technical difficulties or express uncertainty when using certain features.  These findings suggest that while basic competencies are largely established,  there is still a gap in advanced digital skills. In conclusion,  the research provides strong empirical evidence that interactive whiteboards are an effective and increasingly essential component of modern historical education.  At the same time,  it highlights the importance of continuous professional development and institutional support to maximize their pedagogical potential.]]></description><pubDate>Tue, 10 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><dc:identifier>doi:10.53656/his2026-2-3-teh</dc:identifier><dc:creator>Ивайла Попова</dc:creator><dc:creator>Красимир С. Кръстев</dc:creator><dc:creator>Мирена Легурска</dc:creator><dc:creator>Петър В. Петров</dc:creator><prism:journalTitle>История</prism:journalTitle><prism:startingPage>135</prism:startingPage><prism:endingPage>156</prism:endingPage><prism:publicationDate>2026-02-10</prism:publicationDate><dc:date>2026</dc:date><prism:volume>34</prism:volume><prism:number>2</prism:number></item><item><title><![CDATA[КОНЦЕПТУАЛНИ ОСНОВИ НА ОБУЧЕНИЕТО ПО ИСТОРИЯ И ГЕОГРАФИЯ В БЪЛГАРИЯ И РЕПУБЛИКА КИПЪР – СРАВНИТЕЛЕН АНАЛИЗ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ЗА РАЗВИТИЕ]]></title><guid isPermaLink="true">https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/konceptualni-osnovi-na-obucenieto-po-istoriya-i-geografiya-v-blgariya-i-republika-kipr-sravnitelen-analiz-i-perspektivi-za-razvitie/view</guid><link>https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/konceptualni-osnovi-na-obucenieto-po-istoriya-i-geografiya-v-blgariya-i-republika-kipr-sravnitelen-analiz-i-perspektivi-za-razvitie/view</link><description><![CDATA[This study explores the conceptual foundations of history and geography education in Bulgaria and the Republic of Cyprus through a comparative perspective,  with a particular focus on upper secondary education. The main aim of the research is to analyze contemporary curricular models in both countries,  identify similarities and differences in their structure, content,  and pedagogical approaches,  and highlight effective practices that could inform future improvements in Bulgarian education. The methodology is based on a comparative analytical approach.  The authors examine official curricula for history and geography in both educational systems, focusing on several key categories: thematic scope, instructional time,  types of learning activities, and expected competencies.  The study analyzes the Bulgarian curricula for lower and upper secondary education (including profile-oriented training in grades 11th – 12th)  and compares them with the corresponding levels in the Cypriot system, particularly the lyceum stage.  The analysis integrates both qualitative interpretation of curricular documents and systematic comparison of structural elements,  including competency frameworks aligned with European educational standards. The results reveal both shared characteristics and significant differences between the two systems.  In both Bulgaria and Cyprus,  history and geography education is grounded in a competency-based approach that aims to develop critical thinking, analytical skills, and civic awareness.  However,  the Cypriot system places a stronger emphasis on critical thinking,  multicultural understanding,  and the interpretation of historical processes without bias.  It also integrates more extensive instructional time for history and includes a broader range of practical activities,  such as project-based learning, fieldwork, and visits to museums and archaeological sites. In geography education, the Cypriot curriculum demonstrates a clearer focus on global issues,  environmental challenges,  and the use of digital technologies,  including  Geographic Information Systems (GIS).  By contrast,  the Bulgarian curriculum is more oriented toward regional geography and national context,  with comparatively limited integration of digital tools and practical research activities. Another important finding concerns the role of practice-oriented learning.  The Cypriot educational model incorporates systematic experiential learning,  encouraging students to actively engage in research, analysis, and real-world problem solving. In Bulgaria,  although such approaches exist,  they are less consistently implemented and often depend on individual teacher initiative. In conclusion,  the study highlights the strengths of both educational systems while identifying areas for improvement. It suggests that Bulgarian education could benefit from adopting elements of the Cypriot model,  particularly in expanding practical activities, enhancing digital competencies, and promoting interdisciplinary and student-centered learning.]]></description><pubDate>Tue, 10 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><dc:identifier>doi:10.53656/his2026-2-4-con</dc:identifier><dc:creator>Мая Василева</dc:creator><dc:creator>Катя Мишева</dc:creator><prism:journalTitle>История</prism:journalTitle><prism:startingPage>157</prism:startingPage><prism:endingPage>176</prism:endingPage><prism:publicationDate>2026-02-10</prism:publicationDate><dc:date>2026</dc:date><prism:volume>34</prism:volume><prism:number>2</prism:number></item><item><title><![CDATA[РОЛЯТА НА ИЗКУСТВЕНИЯ ИНТЕЛЕКТ В ПРЕПОДАВАНЕТО НА ИСТОРИЯ В СРЕДНОТО ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ: ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ И ТРЕВОГИ]]></title><guid isPermaLink="true">https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/rolyata-na-izkustveniya-intelekt-v-prepodavaneto-na-istoriya-v-srednoto-obrazovanie-perspektivi-i-trevogi/view</guid><link>https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/rolyata-na-izkustveniya-intelekt-v-prepodavaneto-na-istoriya-v-srednoto-obrazovanie-perspektivi-i-trevogi/view</link><description><![CDATA[In recent years,  artificial intelligence (AI)  has rapidly and extensively permeated nearly every sphere of modern life, and secondary education is no exception to this transformation. Alarge proportion of students regularly use various tools based on large language models to „solve“ a wide range of academic tasks – from writing essays to preparing for exams.  History and civilisation education has not remained outside this general trend,  as an increasing number of students and teachers encounter the capabilities and limitations of these technologies in their everyday pedagogical practice. However, what are the risks of applying AI in history and civilisation education?  What prospects do new technologies offer,  and how can general-purpose and specialised AI tools contribute to improving the quality of history education? The present study aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the current state and attitudes towards the use of AI-based tools in the study of history in secondary education in Bulgaria. The article comprises four main parts.  The introduction presents the key problems and challenges associated with the development of artificial intelligence and tools based on large language models in the context of contemporary education.  The second part provides an overview of the use of AI in history education,  along with a comparative analysis of various general-purpose and specialised AI tools applicable to the learning process.  The third part describes in detail the results of an empirical study conducted among 167 students and 27 teachers regarding their experience,  expectations,  and attitudes towards the use of AI in history education.  The conclusion systematises the main findings and formulates specific recommendations that can contribute to more effective teaching and learning of history in secondary education. A critical analysis of the distinctive features of history teaching has been conducted, and recommendations and best practices for integrating general-purpose and specific AI-based tools into the educational process of history and civilisations have been presented.]]></description><pubDate>Tue, 10 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><dc:identifier>doi:10.53656/his2026-2-5-aii</dc:identifier><dc:creator>Албена Антонова</dc:creator><dc:creator>Христо Беров</dc:creator><prism:journalTitle>История</prism:journalTitle><prism:startingPage>177</prism:startingPage><prism:endingPage>199</prism:endingPage><prism:publicationDate>2026-02-10</prism:publicationDate><dc:date>2026</dc:date><prism:volume>34</prism:volume><prism:number>2</prism:number></item><item><title><![CDATA[КЪМ ИСТОРИЯТА НА ПРЕДПРИЕМАЧЕСТВОТО В БЪЛГАРИЯ]]></title><guid isPermaLink="true">https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/km-istoriyata-na-predpriemacestvoto-v-blgariya/view</guid><link>https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/km-istoriyata-na-predpriemacestvoto-v-blgariya/view</link><description><![CDATA[]]></description><pubDate>Tue, 10 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><dc:creator>Пенчо Д. Пенчев</dc:creator><prism:journalTitle>История</prism:journalTitle><prism:startingPage>200</prism:startingPage><prism:endingPage>204</prism:endingPage><prism:publicationDate>2026-02-10</prism:publicationDate><dc:date>2026</dc:date><prism:volume>34</prism:volume><prism:number>2</prism:number></item><item><title><![CDATA[ВПЕЧАТЛЕНИЯ ОТ КОНФЕРЕНЦИЯТА „КРИМСКАТА ВОЙНА.  ГЛОБАЛНА И ЛОКАЛНА“, ПРОВЕДЕНА НА 2 АПРИЛ 2026 Г.  В СОФИЙСКИЯ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ „СВ.  КЛИМЕНТ ОХРИДСКИ“]]></title><guid isPermaLink="true">https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/vpecatleniya-ot-konferenciyata-krimskata-voina-globalna-i-lokalna-provedena-na-2-april-2026-g-v-sofiiskiya-universitet-sv-kliment-oxridski/view</guid><link>https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/vpecatleniya-ot-konferenciyata-krimskata-voina-globalna-i-lokalna-provedena-na-2-april-2026-g-v-sofiiskiya-universitet-sv-kliment-oxridski/view</link><description><![CDATA[]]></description><pubDate>Tue, 10 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><dc:creator>Любомир Кръстев</dc:creator><prism:journalTitle>История</prism:journalTitle><prism:startingPage>205</prism:startingPage><prism:endingPage>210</prism:endingPage><prism:publicationDate>2026-02-10</prism:publicationDate><dc:date>2026</dc:date><prism:volume>34</prism:volume><prism:number>2</prism:number></item><item><title><![CDATA[ТЕМАТА ЗА ИНТЕГРАЦИЯТА, ПРОТЕКЦИОНИЗМА И НАЦИОНАЛИЗМА В СТОПАНСКО-ИСТОРИЧЕСКИТЕ ИЗСЛЕДВАНИЯ]]></title><guid isPermaLink="true">https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/temata-za-integraciyata-protekcionizma-i-nacionalizma-v-stopansko-istoriceskite-izsledvaniya/view</guid><link>https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/temata-za-integraciyata-protekcionizma-i-nacionalizma-v-stopansko-istoriceskite-izsledvaniya/view</link><description><![CDATA[]]></description><pubDate>Tue, 10 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><dc:creator>Иван Русев</dc:creator><prism:journalTitle>История</prism:journalTitle><prism:startingPage>211</prism:startingPage><prism:endingPage>213</prism:endingPage><prism:publicationDate>2026-02-10</prism:publicationDate><dc:date>2026</dc:date><prism:volume>34</prism:volume><prism:number>2</prism:number></item><item><title><![CDATA[Към читателя]]></title><guid isPermaLink="true">https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/uvazaemi-citatelyu/view</guid><link>https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/uvazaemi-citatelyu/view</link><description><![CDATA[]]></description><pubDate>Sat, 10 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><dc:creator>Иван Русев</dc:creator><prism:journalTitle>История</prism:journalTitle><prism:startingPage>7</prism:startingPage><prism:endingPage>8</prism:endingPage><prism:publicationDate>2026-01-10</prism:publicationDate><dc:date>2026</dc:date><prism:volume>34</prism:volume><prism:number>1</prism:number></item><item><title><![CDATA[THE BOTTOM OF THE WELL: URBAN MEMORY, IMPERIAL ECHOES,  AND THE MICROGEOGRAPHY OF FEAR IN PREWAR BELGRADE]]></title><guid isPermaLink="true">https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/the-bottom-of-the-well-urban-memory-imperial-echoes-and-the-microgeography-of-fear-in-prewar-belgrade/view</guid><link>https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/the-bottom-of-the-well-urban-memory-imperial-echoes-and-the-microgeography-of-fear-in-prewar-belgrade/view</link><description><![CDATA[This article offers a microhistorical reading of Vladislav Maevsky’s 1913 travel sketch of Belgrade,  focusing on his descent into the Roman well at Kalemegdan Fortress.  By analyzing this episode as an affective and symbolic site,  the study reveals how subterranean spaces serve as repositories of imperial memory,  historical anxiety,  and national identity.  Drawing on methodologies from urban history and memory studies,  the article situates the well as a metaphor for Serbia’s layered temporalities and contested sovereignties on the eve of the First World War.  It further interprets Maevsky’s encounters with museums, monuments, and civic spaces as part of a broader urban effort to stage national identity through selective remembrance.  This essay demonstrates how even minor urban forms such as wells,  portraits,  or stairwells can function as dense sites of historical meaning and advocates for further microhistorical approaches to the urban landscapes of the Balkans and Eastern Europe.\(^{1}\)]]></description><pubDate>Sat, 10 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><dc:identifier>doi:10.53656/his2026-1-1-bot</dc:identifier><dc:creator>Srđan M. Jovanović</dc:creator><prism:journalTitle>История</prism:journalTitle><prism:startingPage>9</prism:startingPage><prism:endingPage>25</prism:endingPage><prism:publicationDate>2026-01-10</prism:publicationDate><dc:date>2026</dc:date><prism:volume>34</prism:volume><prism:number>1</prism:number></item><item><title><![CDATA[SERB-ALBANIAN RECONCILIATION IN THE CONTEXT OF THE EU-LED BELGRADE – PRISTINA DIALOGUE AND THE PROBLEM OF MISSING PERSONS: AN ASSESSMENT]]></title><guid isPermaLink="true">https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/serb-albanian-reconciliation-in-the-context-of-the-eu-led-belgrade-pristina-dialogue-and-the-problem-of-missing-persons-an-assessment/view</guid><link>https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/serb-albanian-reconciliation-in-the-context-of-the-eu-led-belgrade-pristina-dialogue-and-the-problem-of-missing-persons-an-assessment/view</link><description><![CDATA[This article examines the prospects for Serb-Albanian reconciliation in the context of the EU-facilitated Belgrade-Pristina Dialogue and focuses in particular on the unresolved issue of missing persons from the Kosovo conflict (1998 – 2000). While the Dialogue,  launched under EU mediation in 2010,  has produced a number of technical and political agreements aimed at normalizing relations,  its contribution to genuine reconciliation remains limited.  More than two decades after the end of the conflict and seventeen years after Kosovo’s declaration of independence,  progress in addressing the legacy of war crimes,  ensuring justice for victims,  and clarifying the fate of missing persons has been insufficient.  Drawing on theoretical approaches to reconciliation and transitional justice,  the article argues that sustainable normalization cannot be achieved solely through diplomatic arrangements or de facto recognition formulas.  Instead,  reconciliation requires truth-seeking, accountability, acknowledgment of suffering, and meaningful engagement with victims’ families.  Although recent agreements,  including the 2023 Declaration on Missing Persons,  have revived expectations,  persistent political mistrust and divergent narratives continue to obstruct implementation.  The study concludes that without tangible progress on justice and the resolution of missing persons cases,  the normalization process will remain fragile and reconciliation between Kosovo and Serbia incomplete.]]></description><pubDate>Sat, 10 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><dc:identifier>doi:10.53656/his2026-1-2-ser</dc:identifier><dc:creator>Yorgos Christidis</dc:creator><dc:creator>Rumyana Marinova-Christidi</dc:creator><prism:journalTitle>История</prism:journalTitle><prism:startingPage>26</prism:startingPage><prism:endingPage>35</prism:endingPage><prism:publicationDate>2026-01-10</prism:publicationDate><dc:date>2026</dc:date><prism:volume>34</prism:volume><prism:number>1</prism:number></item><item><title><![CDATA[ПРОЕКТОЗАКОНЪТ ЗА ГРАЖДАНСКИЯ БРАК ОТ 1936 Г.  И РЕАКЦИЯТА НА  СВЕТИЯ СИНОД НА БЪЛГАРСКАТА ПРАВОСЛАВНА ЦЪРКВА]]></title><guid isPermaLink="true">https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/proektozakont-za-grazdanskiya-brak-ot-1936-g-i-reakciyata-na-svetiya-sinod-na-blgarskata-pravoslavna-crkva/view</guid><link>https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/proektozakont-za-grazdanskiya-brak-ot-1936-g-i-reakciyata-na-svetiya-sinod-na-blgarskata-pravoslavna-crkva/view</link><description><![CDATA[This article investigates the 1936 initiative of Justice Minister Dimitar Peshev to introduce civil marriage in the Kingdom of Bulgaria.  In contrast to similar reforms in other European countries,  Peshev’s legislative initiative was not driven by anti-religious or anti-clerical motives.  Nonetheless,  it was categorically rejected by the Holy Synod of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church.  The study aims to shed light on the proposed reform of Bulgarian family law,  the arguments presented both in its support and opposition,  and the reasoning behind the Synod’s position. It also examines how these issues were intertwined with the complex relationship between state authority and the official religion in the Kingdom of Bulgaria – Eastern Orthodox Christianity.  The research draws primarily on archival materials preserved in the Central State Archives,  including minutes of the Holy Synod’s meetings,  documents from state institutions,  and personal archival collections of individuals closely involved in the debate.]]></description><pubDate>Sat, 10 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><dc:identifier>doi:10.53656/his2026-1-3-law</dc:identifier><dc:creator>Атанас Ваташки</dc:creator><prism:journalTitle>История</prism:journalTitle><prism:startingPage>36</prism:startingPage><prism:endingPage>47</prism:endingPage><prism:publicationDate>2026-01-10</prism:publicationDate><dc:date>2026</dc:date><prism:volume>34</prism:volume><prism:number>1</prism:number></item><item><title><![CDATA[ФРАНСОА ГИЗО И АДОЛФ ТИЕР – КОНФЛИКТ НА ИНТЕРЕСИ, ВЪНШНОПОЛИТИЧЕСКА СТРАТЕГИЯ И ПОДХОД ПО ОСМАНО-ЕГИПЕТСКАТА КРИЗА (1839 – 1841)]]></title><guid isPermaLink="true">https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/fransoa-gizo-i-adolf-tier-konflikt-na-interesi-vnsnopoliticeska-strategiya-i-podxod-po-osmano-egipetskata-kriza-1839-1841/view</guid><link>https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/fransoa-gizo-i-adolf-tier-konflikt-na-interesi-vnsnopoliticeska-strategiya-i-podxod-po-osmano-egipetskata-kriza-1839-1841/view</link><description><![CDATA[French diplomacy during the July Monarchy (1830 - 1848)  was put to the test,  as a result of the approach and strategy used in regulating the second escalation of the Ottoman-Egyptian conflict (1839 - 1841).  French strategic interests in the Mediterranean basin were decisive in favour of the claims made by the Egyptian governor Muhammad Ali Pasha (1769 – 1849)  for hereditary investiture, in addition to Egypt and the Ottoman province of Syria,  which he occupied in 1831. The policy of Paris was carried out by the two main political players,  François Guizot (1787 – 1874) and Adolphe Thiers (1797 – 1877),  who applied two different approaches to regulating the crisis in the Orient. 
The model of behaviour,  defending the categorical pro-Egyptian position,  was implemented by François Guizot,  charged with a diplomatic mission in London (from 23 February 1840 to 29 October 1840)  according to the instructions of the Foreign Minister Adolphe Thiers (from 1 March 1840 to 29 October 1840).  The differences between the two approaches were evident in the conclusion of the secret treaty of 15 July 1840 between Great Britain, Austria,  Prussia,  and Russia,  which excluded France and dealt a blow to its dignity.  Thiers‘ belligerent approach was replaced by the more peaceful one, implemented by Guizot and promoting FrancoEnglish partnership. 
The article examines the differences in the opinions of the two statesmen in the 1840s,  which gave rise to a conflict of interests and a lack of a shared political goal, but in the 1850s a compromise between Thiers‘ pro-Napoleonic worldview and the Franco-English alliance supported by Guizot was achieved.]]></description><pubDate>Sat, 10 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><dc:identifier>doi:10.53656/his2026-1-4-fra</dc:identifier><dc:creator>Джулия Кръстева</dc:creator><prism:journalTitle>История</prism:journalTitle><prism:startingPage>48</prism:startingPage><prism:endingPage>61</prism:endingPage><prism:publicationDate>2026-01-10</prism:publicationDate><dc:date>2026</dc:date><prism:volume>34</prism:volume><prism:number>1</prism:number></item><item><title><![CDATA[ДИГИТАЛНИ ИНСТРУМЕНТИ ЗА РАЗВИВАНЕ НА КОМПЕТЕНЦИИ В ЧАСОВЕТЕ ПО ИСТОРИЯ (V – VII КЛАС)  В БЪЛГАРСКИТЕ УЧИЛИЩА ЗАД ГРАНИЦА]]></title><guid isPermaLink="true">https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/digitalni-instrumenti-za-razvivane-na-kompetencii-v-casovete-po-istoriya-v-vii-klas-v-blgarskite-ucilishha-zad-granica/view</guid><link>https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/digitalni-instrumenti-za-razvivane-na-kompetencii-v-casovete-po-istoriya-v-vii-klas-v-blgarskite-ucilishha-zad-granica/view</link><description><![CDATA[The present report is part of a developed intellectual product – “Methodical guide for teachers”,  which is the result of the project activity “Digital Schoolbag – My Bulgaria”: an interactive school aid for teaching the Bulgarian language abroad.  It offers models of interactive worksheets on history and civilizations (grades V – VII),  intended for Bulgarian schools abroad. 1 Created on the LearningApps.org website, the e-exercises are developed in accordance with the curriculum and serve as a tool for developing students’ competencies.]]></description><pubDate>Sat, 10 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><dc:identifier>doi:10.53656/his2026-1-5-dig</dc:identifier><dc:creator>Юлия Симеонова</dc:creator><prism:journalTitle>История</prism:journalTitle><prism:startingPage>62</prism:startingPage><prism:endingPage>75</prism:endingPage><prism:publicationDate>2026-01-10</prism:publicationDate><dc:date>2026</dc:date><prism:volume>34</prism:volume><prism:number>1</prism:number></item><item><title><![CDATA[ДЕСЕТА ГОДИШНА НАУЧНА КОНФЕРЕНЦИЯ И ТОМ 10-И НА „ИЗВЕСТИЯ НА ЦЕНТЪРА ЗА СТОПАНСКО-ИСТОРИЧЕСКИ ИЗСЛЕДВАНИЯ“ НА ТЕМА „ВОЙНИ,  РЕВОЛЮЦИИ,  НЕСИГУРНОСТ“]]></title><guid isPermaLink="true">https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/deseta-godisna-naucna-konferenciya-i-tom-10-i-na-izvestiya-na-centra-za-stopansko-istoriceski-izsledvaniya-na-tema-voini-revolyucii-nesigurnost/view</guid><link>https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/deseta-godisna-naucna-konferenciya-i-tom-10-i-na-izvestiya-na-centra-za-stopansko-istoriceski-izsledvaniya-na-tema-voini-revolyucii-nesigurnost/view</link><description><![CDATA[]]></description><pubDate>Sat, 10 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><dc:identifier>doi:10.53656/his2026-1-6-ten</dc:identifier><dc:creator>Росица Златинска</dc:creator><prism:journalTitle>История</prism:journalTitle><prism:startingPage>76</prism:startingPage><prism:endingPage>84</prism:endingPage><prism:publicationDate>2026-01-10</prism:publicationDate><dc:date>2026</dc:date><prism:volume>34</prism:volume><prism:number>1</prism:number></item><item><title><![CDATA[НОВ БИБЛИОГРАФСКИ СПРАВОЧНИК ПО ПОВОД 180-ГОДИШНИНАТА ОТ ПОСТРОЯВАНЕТО НА ХРАМ „ВЪВЕДЕНИЕ БОГОРОДИЧНО“ В ГОРНА ДЖУМАЯ И 130-ГОДИШНИНАТА ОТ СЪЗДАВАНЕТО НА НЕВРОКОПСКАТА ЕПАРХИЯ]]></title><guid isPermaLink="true">https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/nov-bibliografski-spravocnik-po-povod-180-godisninata-ot-postroyavaneto-na-xram-vvedenie-bogorodicno-v-gorna-dzumaya-i-130-godisninata-ot-szdavaneto-na-nevrokopskata-eparxiya/view</guid><link>https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/nov-bibliografski-spravocnik-po-povod-180-godisninata-ot-postroyavaneto-na-xram-vvedenie-bogorodicno-v-gorna-dzumaya-i-130-godisninata-ot-szdavaneto-na-nevrokopskata-eparxiya/view</link><description><![CDATA[]]></description><pubDate>Sat, 10 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><dc:identifier>doi:10.53656/his2026-1-7-new</dc:identifier><dc:creator>Кристиян Ковачев</dc:creator><prism:journalTitle>История</prism:journalTitle><prism:startingPage>85</prism:startingPage><prism:endingPage>87</prism:endingPage><prism:publicationDate>2026-01-10</prism:publicationDate><dc:date>2026</dc:date><prism:volume>34</prism:volume><prism:number>1</prism:number></item><item><title><![CDATA[FAITH AND FINANCES. THE ECONOMIC FOUNDATIONS OF THE ATHONITE COMMONWEALTH IN THE MIDDLE BYZANTINE ERA]]></title><guid isPermaLink="true">https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/faith-and-finances-the-economic-foundations-of-the-athonite-commonwealth-in-the-middle-byzantine-era/view</guid><link>https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/faith-and-finances-the-economic-foundations-of-the-athonite-commonwealth-in-the-middle-byzantine-era/view</link><description><![CDATA[This article analyzes how Mount Athos became a durable economic actor in the Middle Byzantine period (9th – 12th centuries). Building on translated monastic foundation documents and Athonite acts alongside recent economic and institutional historiography, I examine (a) imperial patronage and fiscal immunities; (b) land acquisition and the metochia network; (c) resource management, labor, and market integration. Methodologically, the study combines documentary analysis (typika, chrysobulls, praktika) with an institutional lens on property rights and exemptions (exkousiai), situating the Athonite koinon at the intersection of Orthodox canon law and imperial governance. The findings clarify a post-Iconoclastic trajectory: from state protection to endowed, tax-privileged estates that sustained large cenobitic houses (Lavra, Iviron, Vatopedi). Athonite monasteries consolidated land by donation and purchase, administered dependent peasants with comparatively mild dues, and regularly exchanged surpluses (grain, wine, oil, timber) with regional markets, especially Thessalonica, while importing non-produced essentials. Far from a contradiction, Athos’ “sacred economy” was a corporate, rule-bound system that reconciled ascetic ideals with prudent resource management. The article refines our understanding of Athos as a fiscally semi-autonomous enclave whose endurance depended on secure rights, exempt status, and diversified estates rather than isolation.]]></description><pubDate>Tue, 10 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><dc:identifier>doi:10.53656/his2025-6s-1-fai</dc:identifier><dc:creator>Radostin Vazov</dc:creator><prism:journalTitle>История</prism:journalTitle><prism:startingPage>7</prism:startingPage><prism:endingPage>19</prism:endingPage><prism:publicationDate>2025-06-10</prism:publicationDate><dc:date>2025</dc:date><prism:volume>33</prism:volume><prism:number>6s</prism:number></item><item><title><![CDATA[DEFICIENCIES AND WEAKNESSES OF ORGANIZED AGRICULTURAL CREDIT IN BULGARIA]]></title><guid isPermaLink="true">https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/deficiencies-and-weaknesses-of-organized-agricultural-credit-in-bulgaria/view</guid><link>https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/deficiencies-and-weaknesses-of-organized-agricultural-credit-in-bulgaria/view</link><description><![CDATA[The article analyzes the weaknesses of organized agricultural credit in Bulgaria through the history of the Bulgarian Agricultural Bank. It traces its transformation from the Ottoman public benefit funds into a state institution entrusted with the mission to modernize agriculture and limit usury. Despite the good intentions, the bank proved to be dependent on political influence, heavily bureaucratized, and with limited access for smallholders, which led to abuses, nonperforming loans, and a slowdown in modernization. The aim of the study is to highlight these shortcomings and draw lessons from the past regarding the risks of excessive specialization, lack of regulation, and politicization of state credit institutions.]]></description><pubDate>Tue, 10 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><dc:identifier>doi:10.53656/his2025-6s-2-def</dc:identifier><dc:creator>Pencho D. Penchev</dc:creator><dc:creator>Yanko Hristozov</dc:creator><prism:journalTitle>История</prism:journalTitle><prism:startingPage>20</prism:startingPage><prism:endingPage>28</prism:endingPage><prism:publicationDate>2025-06-10</prism:publicationDate><dc:date>2025</dc:date><prism:volume>33</prism:volume><prism:number>6s</prism:number></item><item><title><![CDATA[RETAIL CHAINS FOR TRADE IN CONVERTIBLE CURRENCIES IN THE SOCIALIST COUNTRIES OF CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE IN THE PERIOD 1946 – 1992]]></title><guid isPermaLink="true">https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/retail-chains-for-trade-in-convertible-currencies-in-the-socialist-countries-of-central-and-eastern-europe-in-the-period-1946-1992/view</guid><link>https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/retail-chains-for-trade-in-convertible-currencies-in-the-socialist-countries-of-central-and-eastern-europe-in-the-period-1946-1992/view</link><description><![CDATA[The aim of this study is to analyze the development, functions, and socio-economic significance of convertible currency retail stores in the socialist countries, with a special focus on the “Corecom” retail chain in Bulgaria and its counterparts in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE): “Tuzex”, “Intershop”, “Baltona”, “Pewex”, “Intertourist”, and “Comturist”. 
The research methodology combines historical-economic and comparative analysis based on a synthesis of existing scholarly and archival literature. Primary archival sources were utilized alongside secondary studies in the fields of economic history and cultural studies. A content analysis was applied, as well as a comparative review of the names of various socialist retail chains. 
The research results show that convertible currency retail chains performed a dual function, both economic and social. Attention is given to the relationship between the state’s economic objectives and citizens’ everyday lives, illustrating how access to goods in exchange for hard currency became a symbol of social privilege and prestige. These retail chains are examined not only as an economic phenomenon but also as a cultural marker of socialism in Central and Eastern Europe.]]></description><pubDate>Tue, 10 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><dc:identifier>doi:10.53656/his2025-6s-3-ret</dc:identifier><dc:creator>Svetla Boneva</dc:creator><prism:journalTitle>История</prism:journalTitle><prism:startingPage>29</prism:startingPage><prism:endingPage>42</prism:endingPage><prism:publicationDate>2025-06-10</prism:publicationDate><dc:date>2025</dc:date><prism:volume>33</prism:volume><prism:number>6s</prism:number></item><item><title><![CDATA[THE EUROPEAN UNION AS A PILLAR OF GLOBALIZATION: OPENNESS AND UNEVEN DEVELOPMENT IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE]]></title><guid isPermaLink="true">https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/the-european-union-as-a-pillar-of-globalization-openness-and-uneven-development-in-historical-perspective/view</guid><link>https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/the-european-union-as-a-pillar-of-globalization-openness-and-uneven-development-in-historical-perspective/view</link><description><![CDATA[This article examines the European Union’s trajectory as a pillar of globalization in historical perspective, focusing on the interplay between structural openness and uneven development since 1970. Globalization has advanced in cyclical waves marked by episodes of slowdown and retrenchment, yet the EU has consistently maintained an outward orientation. Using trade as a share of GDP as the primary indicator, the paper traces long-term trends in European openness and highlights three critical inflection points: the stagflation era of the 1970s – 1980s, the global financial and eurozone crises of 2008–2013, and the pandemic-driven polycrisis of 2020 – 2024. Institutional analysis shows that each disruption was met with innovations–from the Single European Act and the euro to the European Stability Mechanism and NextGenerationEU – that reinforced openness. At the same time, the benefits of integration have been unevenly distributed: peripheral economies in Southern and Eastern Europe bore disproportionate adjustment costs unless compensated by supranational instruments. The EU’s historical experience thus illustrates both the resilience of globalization through regional integration and the enduring challenge of asymmetry within it.]]></description><pubDate>Tue, 10 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><dc:identifier>doi:10.53656/his2025-6s-4-glo</dc:identifier><dc:creator>Paskal Zhelev</dc:creator><dc:creator>Monika Moraliyska</dc:creator><dc:creator>Ivet Tileva</dc:creator><prism:journalTitle>История</prism:journalTitle><prism:startingPage>43</prism:startingPage><prism:endingPage>55</prism:endingPage><prism:publicationDate>2025-06-10</prism:publicationDate><dc:date>2025</dc:date><prism:volume>33</prism:volume><prism:number>6s</prism:number></item><item><title><![CDATA[FREEDOM, FAITH AND DEVELOPMENT: REVISITING BULGARIA’S HISTORICAL BACKWARDNESS THROUGH AMARTYA SEN’S CAPABILITY APPROACH]]></title><guid isPermaLink="true">https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/freedom-faith-and-development-revisiting-bulgarias-historical-backwardness-through-amartya-sens-capability-approach/view</guid><link>https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/freedom-faith-and-development-revisiting-bulgarias-historical-backwardness-through-amartya-sens-capability-approach/view</link><description><![CDATA[This article reinterprets Bulgaria’s historical backwardness through Amartya Sen’s concept of development as the expansion of substantive freedoms. The study integrates Sen’s capability framework with historical accounts of Bulgarian Orthodoxy and economic culture. Drawing on Amartya Sen, Martha Nussbaum, Daniela Kalkandjieva, Blagoy Kolev, and Venelin Makrides, as well as Max Weber’s classical thesis, the article examines how Orthodox cultural and institutional legacies have shaped freedoms in education, political participation, entrepreneurship, transparency, and security. The methodology combines conceptual analysis with historical-institutional reconstruction. Results indicate that Bulgarian backwardness is best understood as a long-term deficit in freedoms, rather than as a mere lag in industrialization. The novelty of the article lies in connecting Sen’s capability approach with the specificities of Bulgarian Orthodoxy and economic culture, thereby reframing the religion–economy debate beyond Weberian binaries.]]></description><pubDate>Tue, 10 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><dc:identifier>doi:10.53656/his2025-6s-5-fre</dc:identifier><dc:creator>Mihaela Misheva</dc:creator><prism:journalTitle>История</prism:journalTitle><prism:startingPage>56</prism:startingPage><prism:endingPage>65</prism:endingPage><prism:publicationDate>2025-06-10</prism:publicationDate><dc:date>2025</dc:date><prism:volume>33</prism:volume><prism:number>6s</prism:number></item><item><title><![CDATA[STATE CAPACITY AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN BULGARIA (1878 – 2024): A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE ON INSTITUTIONAL MODERNIZATION]]></title><guid isPermaLink="true">https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/state-capacity-and-economic-development-in-bulgaria-1878-2024-a-historical-perspective-on-institutional-modernization/view</guid><link>https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/state-capacity-and-economic-development-in-bulgaria-1878-2024-a-historical-perspective-on-institutional-modernization/view</link><description><![CDATA[In the framework of this study, the issue of Bulgaria’s state capacity is viewed as a long-term process of institutional consolidation, administrative professionalisation, and economic modernisation. The main objective is to rebuild the historical interdependence between bureaucratic impartiality, regime stability, and development performance from 1878 to 2024. The analysis argues that state capabilities are not only an administrative attribute, but also a strategic determinant of sustainable growth and institutional resilience. The methodological approach is descriptive and historical, combining empirical indicators with interpretative analysis. Data are extracted from internationally recognised sources, including Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem), Political Economy IV, and Gapminder, and supplemented by national statistics and historical documents. The conceptual model incorporates three analytical dimensions: administrative competence, political stability, and economic sustainability, representing real income per capita. This concept allows the identification of structural dependencies and cyclical patterns in the co-evolution of governance quality and economic development. The novelty of this study lies in the interdisciplinarity of economic history, political economy, and public administration theory. By integrating quantitative data with historical narrative, it reveals how Bulgaria’s administrative capacity has evolved through successive systemic transformations, from constitutional monarchy and socialist centralisation to the democratic and Europeanized governance model of the contemporary era. Empirical findings show that periods of administrative consolidation and bureaucratic competence coincide with periods of economic expansion and democratic predictability, while political instability, authoritarian centralisation, and frequent cabinet turnover undermine institutional effectiveness and political coherence. Evidence supports the conclusion that Bulgaria’s development path depends less on formal regime types and more on the administrative capacity to ensure predictable, impartial, and statutory governance.  Finally, the study establishes that the convergence of democratic accountability, bureaucratic professionalism, and economic adaptability is a structural mechanism that underpins Bulgaria’s modernisation and sustainable development.]]></description><pubDate>Tue, 10 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><dc:identifier>doi:10.53656/his2025-6s-6-sta</dc:identifier><dc:creator>Ralitsa Veleva</dc:creator><prism:journalTitle>История</prism:journalTitle><prism:startingPage>66</prism:startingPage><prism:endingPage>79</prism:endingPage><prism:publicationDate>2025-06-10</prism:publicationDate><dc:date>2025</dc:date><prism:volume>33</prism:volume><prism:number>6s</prism:number></item><item><title><![CDATA[FROM ANTICIPATION TO ADAPTATION: THE MISSING FEEDFORWARD LOGIC IN BULGARIA’S ECONOMIC GOVERNANCE]]></title><guid isPermaLink="true">https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/from-anticipation-to-adaptation-the-missing-feedforward-logic-in-bulgarias-economic-governance/view</guid><link>https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/from-anticipation-to-adaptation-the-missing-feedforward-logic-in-bulgarias-economic-governance/view</link><description><![CDATA[The article analyzes the strategic planning process in Bulgaria through the prism of feedforward logic – an approach that includes predicting future scenarios, analyzing early signals and adapting before crises occur. Over 300 strategic documents (2007 – 2025) were studied using an interdisciplinary methodology grounded in systems theory, cybernetics, and strategic planning. The results show a predominant dependence on feedback logic – management through reporting and post-factum correction. National strategies are short-term, fragmented and often subordinated to external (mostly European) frameworks. Feedforward elements are found in areas such as climate and digitalization, but remain isolated. Recommendations are offered for institutionalizing foresight functions, introducing scenario thinking and expanding time horizons, to transition to future-oriented management.]]></description><pubDate>Tue, 10 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><dc:identifier>doi:10.53656/his2025-6s-7-fro</dc:identifier><dc:creator>Sabrina Kalinkova</dc:creator><prism:journalTitle>История</prism:journalTitle><prism:startingPage>80</prism:startingPage><prism:endingPage>92</prism:endingPage><prism:publicationDate>2025-06-10</prism:publicationDate><dc:date>2025</dc:date><prism:volume>33</prism:volume><prism:number>6s</prism:number></item><item><title><![CDATA[CONTRADICTIONS IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN HISTORICAL CONTEXT]]></title><guid isPermaLink="true">https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/contradictions-in-public-administration-in-historical-context/view</guid><link>https://journals.azbuki.bg/history/contradictions-in-public-administration-in-historical-context/view</link><description><![CDATA[This article explores the evolution of contradictions in public administration from antiquity to the digital era, arguing that these tensions are not malfunctions but structural forces driving institutional change. It identifies key categories of administrative contradictions – structural, functional, politicoadministrative, cultural, ethical, and technological and examines how they manifest historically and theoretically. The analysis integrates classical frameworks (Weber’s rational bureaucracy, Simon’s bounded rationality) with contemporary paradigms such as New Public Management, Public Value, and New Public Governance. Particular attention is devoted to the Bulgarian context, where Europeanization interacts with post-socialist legacies, revealing tensions between legal reform and cultural inertia, professionalism and politicization, and digitalization and bureaucratic culture.]]></description><pubDate>Tue, 10 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><dc:identifier>doi:10.53656/his2025-6s-8-con</dc:identifier><dc:creator>Kalin Boyanov</dc:creator><prism:journalTitle>История</prism:journalTitle><prism:startingPage>93</prism:startingPage><prism:endingPage>106</prism:endingPage><prism:publicationDate>2025-06-10</prism:publicationDate><dc:date>2025</dc:date><prism:volume>33</prism:volume><prism:number>6s</prism:number></item></channel></rss>