Disordered articulation of /r/ (rhotacism), a type of specific articulation disorder concerning the articulation of the alveolar trill /r/, may negatively affect listener perceptions. This paper investigates the effect of modelled rhotacism and text complexity on Bulgarian listeners’ perceptions of speech skills, personality traits, and general attitudes. The study has a 2x2 factorial, between-subjects design. The results provide partial support for the negative effects faced by individuals with articulation disorders. The speaker was rated lower on perceived fluency, intelligibility, speaker and listener comfort in the atypical articulation condition. Participants were more likely to befriend the speaker and considered her more extraverted in the complex text condition. An interaction effect was demonstrated between articulation and text complexity on ratings of perceived conscientiousness. The study has implications for speech-language pathology by informing clinicians of the reactions their clients face in society.

The idea of projectity (projectness) is grounded as caring for the unity of creators, for the conciliarity of creative subjects. Some of the historical and philosophical roots of the projectual subject are examined: for example, in German idealist philosophy (Kant, Fichte, Schelling, Hegel), Husserl’s phenomenology, Heidegger’s fundamental ontology, Sartre’s existentialist ontology, and in the Bulgarian ontological tradition (Andonov, Dafov, Mitrentseva). The topic is directly linked to the historical and political context of the ideas of creativity and innovation.

This article explores the potential of the mathematical fairy tale as a sustainable pedagogical tool for improving mathematics education. In light of declining student motivation and the high anxiety often associated with mathematics, the paper emphasizes the advantages of narrative-based approaches that combine cognitive and emotional learning dimensions. Drawing on international reports and thework ofVygotsky andSimeonova-Ingilizova, thestudy positions themathematical fairy tale within the field of innovative practices. Unlike models requiring significant technological or artistic resources, it is characterized by accessibility, universality, and adaptability across cultural and socio-economic contexts. The article outlines its applications in introducing new concepts, consolidating prior knowledge, and providing alternative assessment formats that reduce stress. At the same time, it acknowledges challenges linked to teacher preparation and cultural adaptation, arguing that the mathematical fairy tale represents both a promising method and a practice requiring careful pedagogical consideration.

A property of a tetrahedron with a right trihedral angle is considered. Several approaches to its proof are presented. For this purpose, auxiliary statements are discussed, which also have independent significance.

The regulation of the establishment and protection of boundaries of agricultural properties occupies an important place in Bulgarian common law. Land, as the primary means of subsistence, necessitated its clear delimitation and effective safeguarding. This study examines customary practices related to the demarcation and protection of property boundaries during the Ottoman period and the years immediately following the Liberation. The Bulgarian customary legal order developed a rich system of terms, markers, and rituals through which fields, meadows, pastures, and forests were delineated and protected. These norms were not only legal in character but also carried moral and religious significance, with their violation being perceived as a serious offense and sin. For the purposes of this publication, a substantial corpus of ethnographic, historical-legal, and folklore materials has been analyzed. Bulgarian customs related to the establishment and protection of boundaries have been systematically examined, demonstrating that they are neither random nor isolated phenomena but constitute part of a durable legal and social tradition. The study further highlights the central role of customary law for the Bulgarian people, for whom the violation of boundaries was perceived as both a legal transgression and a moral offense, affecting the community as well as divine justice. Additionally, regional variations and similarities have been traced, showing that these customs were adapted to specific local conditions and the social structure of Bulgarian society.